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Bernice Pauahi Bishop (December 19, 1831 – October 16, 1884), born Bernice Pauahi Pākī, was a Hawaiian aliʻi, a direct descendant of the royal House of Kamehameha, and a philanthropist. She was the great-granddaughter of King Kamehameha I and the last surviving descendant of his royal line. Her estate is the largest private landowner in the state of Hawaiʻi. The revenues from these lands are used to operate the Kamehameha Schools, which were established in 1887 according to Pauahi's last will and testament. Pauahi was married to businessman and philanthropist Charles Reed Bishop.

Life

Born in Honolulu to High Chief Abner Pākī and princess Laura Kōnia, Pauahi was raised by kuhina nui (prime minister) Kīnaʻu and was later educated by Protestant missionaries at the Chiefs' Children's School.

Her father, lord Aliʻi Abner Kuhoʻoheiheipahu Pākī (c 1808-55), was a noble from the island of Molokai, and son of lady Aliʻi Kawao and lord Alii Kalani-hele-maiiluna Pākī, who himself descended from Aliʻi Aimoku of the island of Maui.

Bernice's mother was Princess Aliʻi Laura Kōnia (c 1808-57), declared Royal Highness by decree of her grandfather Kamehameha I. She was the younger daughter of Aliʻi Pauli Kaoleioku (1767-1818), by his second wife, Aliʻi Kahailiopua Luahine, was an illegitimate but legitimated natural (eldest) son of king Kamehameha the Great. She was name for her aunt Queen Pauahi, the widow of Kamehameha II.

Bernice Pauahi was adopted at birth by Princess Kinaʻu Kaʻahumanu II, Kuhina-Nui. She was sent back home when Kinau died of the mumps in 1839.

Contrary to a chiefly posthumous but popular belief, the great lady Bernice Pauahi never used in her lifetime, nor was officially entitled to, the title Princess. This frequent error is repeated in a wide variety of modern publications.^{[citation needed]}

Beginning at age eight, Pauahi went to a school called the Chiefs' Children's School until about 1846. Afterward, it was renamed the Royal School. Her teachers were Mr. and Mrs. Cooke. Pauahi greatly enjoyed horseback riding and swimming, and she also liked music, flowers, and the outdoors. She dressed like any fashionable New York or London woman and the trapping of the Victorian Era.

Pauahi married businessman Charles Reed Bishop in 1850 despite the objections of her parents. It had been planned from childhood that Pauahi, born into Hawaiian royalty, would marry her hānai brother Lot Kapuāiwa. Per her request, very few people attended her wedding. One of the few witnesses was Princess Elizabeth Kekaʻanaʻiu, her cousin. The couple had no children of their own; they adopted a son from Pauahi's cousin Ruth Keʻelikōlani, but the infant died at the age of six months.

King Kamehameha V offered Pauahi the throne on his deathbed. But, taken aback, she replied, "No, no, not me; don't think of me. I don't need it." The king pressed on. But she again spurned the throne: "Oh, no, do not think of me. There are others." After considering the alternatives, all of whom were rejected, the king said no more. The king died an hour later. Pauahi's refusal to accept the crown allowed for the House of Kalākaua to come to power. No one knows why Pauahi refused the throne. The answer may have been contained in her letter and memorabilia left in the care of her husband. Unfortunately, they were destroyed during the Great San Francisco earthquake of 1906.

On October 16, 1884, at the age of 52, Pauahi died of cancer at Keōua Hale, Honolulu. She is interred in the Kamehameha Crypt at Mauna ʻAla on Oʻahu. After her death, her husband helped establish the Kamehameha Schools in 1887, and founded the Bishop Museum in Honolulu in 1889 as a memorial to Pauahi.

Kamehameha Schools

Bishop wished that upon her death a portion of her estate be used to establish a school for educating boys and girls. The 1883 will directed that a portion of her estate be held in trust "to erect and maintain in the Hawaiian Islands two schools...one for boys and one girls, to be known as and called the Kamehameha Schools."^[1] She directed her five trustees to invest her estate at their discretion and use the annual income to operate the schools

When she wrote her will, only 44,000 Hawaiians were alive. After Mrs. Bishop's death in 1884, her husband Charles Reed Bishop started work in carrying out her will.

The original Kamehameha School for Boys was established in 1887 on the site of the current Bishop Museum. The girls' school was established in 1894 on a nearby campus. By 1955, the schools moved to their current 600 acre (2.4 km²) location in Kapālama Heights.

Will controversies

There has been some controversy over the interpretation and legality of her will, with some^[who?] insisting that her intention was to only admit children of Hawaiian or part-Hawaiian ancestry to the schools, others^[who?] interpreting her will more liberally, as well as those who contend her instructions are manifestly unconstitutional.

In the will, the trustees were instructed "...to devote a portion of each year's income to the support and education of orphans, and others in indigent circumstances, giving the preference to Hawaiians of pure or part aboriginal blood..." Additionally she directed that: replacement trustees be appointed by the Hawaiʻi Supreme Court, and that they be Protestants; that all teachers be Protestant, without regard to denomination. These clauses were deemed unconstitutional in 1993 by the 9th Circuit Court.^[2]

On December 5, 2006, the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco overturned an earlier ruling in the John Doe vs. Kamehameha Schools lawsuit which ruled the Kamehameha Schools policy amounted to unlawful discrimination. The 8-7 decision allows Kamehameha Schools to continue its native Hawaiians only admissions. Eric Grant, the attorney for John Doe, said he would appeal to the Supreme Court,^[3] but the parties settled out of court and certiorari was accordingly denied.

Notes

^ Kamehameha Schools - Bernice Pauahi Bishop's Will and Codicils
^ E.E.O.C. v. Kamehameha School/Bishop Estate, 990 F.2d 458, 460-464 (9th Cir. 1993).
^ http://www.cnn.com/2006/EDUCATION/12/05/hawaiian.school.ap/index.html

References

External links

[will-1] Kamehameha Schools - Bernice Pauahi Bishop's Will and Codicils

[2] E.E.O.C. v. Kamehameha School/Bishop Estate, 990 F.2d 458, 460-464 (9th Cir. 1993).

[3] ttp://www.cnn.com/2006/EDUCATION/12/05/hawaiian.school.ap/index.html

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Refimprove|date=August 2007}}
-{{Digimon Infobox
+{{Infobox Hawaiian Royalty
- |name=Diaboromon
+| name                 =Bernice Pauahi Bishop
- |katakana=ディアボロモン
+| title                =
- |japname=Diablomon
+| image                =bernicepauahibishop.jpg
- |image=[[Image:Diaboromon.jpg|275px]]
+| imgw                 =280
- |fresh=Kuramon
+| reign                =
- |in-training=Tsumemon
+| coronation           =
- |rookie=Keramon
+| spouse               =[[Charles Reed Bishop]]
- |champion=Chrysalimon
+| issue                =
- |ultimate=Infermon
+| full name            ='''Bernice Pauahi Pākī Bishop'''
- |mega='''Diaboromon'''
+| titles               =
- |mega2=Armageddemon
+| royal house          =[[House of Kamehameha]]
+| father               =[[Abner Paki|High Chief Abner Paki]]
+| mother               =[[Laura Konia|Princess Laura Konia]]
+| date of birth        ={{birth date|1831|12|19|df=y}}
+| place of birth       =[[Honolulu]], [[Oahu|O{{okina}}ahu]], [[Hawaii]]
+| date of death        ={{Death date and age|1884|10|16|1831|12|19|df=yes}}
+| place of death       =[[Honolulu]], [[Oahu|O{{okina}}ahu]], [[Hawaii]]
 }}
-'''[[List of Mega Digimon (Part 2)#Diaboromon|Diaboromon]]''' ('''Diablomon''' in the Japanese version) is a [[fictional character]] from the [[Digimon]] [[Media franchise|franchise]]. His name originates from [[diabolus]], the [[Latin]] word for [[devil]], and his design and actions are a reference to the [[Y2K Bug]]. In the movies, Diaboromon and Infermon are voiced by [[Paul St. Peter]] while Kuramon is voiced by [[Brianne Siddall]].
+'''Bernice Pauahi Bishop''' ([[December 19]], [[1831]] &ndash; [[October 16]], [[1884]]), born '''Bernice Pauahi Pākī''', was a [[Native Hawaiian|Hawaiian]] ''[[Ali'i|ali{{okina}}i]]'', a direct descendant of the royal [[House of Kamehameha]], and a [[philanthropist]]. She was the great-granddaughter of King [[Kamehameha I]] and the last surviving descendant of his royal line. Her estate is the largest private landowner in the state of [[Hawaii|Hawai{{okina}}i]]. The revenues from these lands are used to operate the [[Kamehameha Schools]], which were established in 1887 according to Pauahi's last will and testament. Pauahi was married to businessman and philanthropist [[Charles Reed Bishop]].
-In the dub, Diaboromon was a Digimon created by the DigiDestined [[Willis (Digimon)|Willis]].
-==Appearance==
+==Life==
+Born in [[Honolulu]] to High Chief [[Abner Pākī]] and princess [[Laura Kōnia]], Pauahi was raised by ''kuhina nui'' (prime minister) Kīna{{okina}}u and was later educated by [[Protestant]] [[missionary|missionaries]] at the [[Chiefs' Children's School]].
+Her father, lord Ali{{okina}}i Abner Kuho{{okina}}oheiheipahu Pākī (c 1808-55), was a noble from the island of [[Molokai]], and son of lady Ali{{okina}}i Kawao and lord Alii Kalani-hele-maiiluna Pākī, who himself descended from [[List of Ali'i Aimoku of Maui|Ali{{okina}}i Aimoku of the island of Maui]].
-{{-}}
+Bernice's mother was Princess Ali{{okina}}i [[Laura Konia|Laura ''Kōnia'']] (c 1808-57), declared Royal Highness by decree of her grandfather Kamehameha I. She was the younger daughter of Ali{{okina}}i Pauli Kaoleioku (1767-1818), by his second wife, Ali{{okina}}i Kahailiopua Luahine, was an illegitimate but legitimated natural (eldest) son of king Kamehameha the Great. She was name for her aunt [[Queen Pauahi]], the widow of [[Kamehameha II]].
-==Description==
-{|wikitable
-|-
-| style="background:WhiteSmoke" |
-===Kuramon===
-[[Image:Kuramon.jpg|thumb|Kuramon]]
-[[List of Fresh Digimon#Kuramon|Kuramon]] hatched from a Digi-Egg that had formed on the Internet from a collection of viruses. Kuramon's mere presence on the internet wreaked havoc - phones stopped working and people were unable to board trains. Tai described him as a "cross between a jellyfish and a contact lens". This Digimon spoke in window messages, with its only word being "hello."
-|-
-|
-===Tsumemon===
-[[Image:Tsumemon.jpg|thumb|Tsumemon]]
-[[List of In-Training Digimon#Tsumemon|Tsumemon]] started eating computer data and causing havoc for cash registers worldwide as soon as it had digivolved. Shortly after, Tsumemon digivolved into its Rookie form [[Keramon]]. Tsumemon, like Kuramon, only spoke in e-mails, but the only thing it said was "I'm hungry."
-|-
-| style="background:WhiteSmoke" |
+Bernice Pauahi was adopted at birth by Princess Kina{{okina}}u [[Kaahumanu II|Ka{{okina}}ahumanu II]], [[Kuhina-Nui]]. She was sent back home when Kinau died of the [[mumps]] in 1839.
-===Keramon===
-[[List of In-Training Digimon#Keramon|Keramon]]
-It is unknown if this was originally intended to be a champion or rookie, as Izzy hints by its power seeming to be that of a champion. Ultimately, it was decided to be a rookie.[[wikia:digimon:List of Rookie Digimon (Part 1)#Keramon|Keramon]] caused more trouble on the Internet by eating data. To stop the virus-like Digimon, [[Taichi Kamiya|Tai]] and [[Izzy Izumi|Izzy]], with the help of [[Gennai]], sent their partners [[Agumon]] and [[Tentomon]] to his whereabouts to fight him. However their attacks had no effect, so they digivolved to their Champion forms and attacked again but then Keramon also digivolved. However he skipped his Champion Form and digivolved straight to Ultimate, becoming [[Infermon]].
+Contrary to a chiefly posthumous but popular belief, the great lady Bernice Pauahi never used in her lifetime, nor was officially entitled to, the title [[Princess]]. This frequent error is repeated in a wide variety of modern publications.{{Fact|date=September 2008}}
+Beginning at age eight, Pauahi went to a school called the [[Chiefs' Children's School]] until about 1846. Afterward, it was renamed the Royal School. Her teachers were Mr. and Mrs. Cooke. Pauahi greatly enjoyed horseback riding and swimming, and she also liked music, flowers, and the outdoors. She dressed like any fashionable New York or London woman and the trapping of the [[Victorian Era]].
-'''<u>Attacks'''</u>
-*'''Bug Blaster''' Keramon shoots a sphere of explosive virus data from it's mouth, causing any digital information it hits to be deleted
+Pauahi married businessman [[Charles R. Bishop|Charles Reed Bishop]] in 1850 despite the objections of her parents.  It had been planned from childhood that Pauahi, born into Hawaiian royalty, would marry her [[hānai]] brother [[Lot Kapuāiwa]]. Per her request, very few people attended her wedding. One of the few witnesses was Princess [[Kekaaniau|Elizabeth Keka{{okina}}ana{{okina}}iu]], her cousin. The couple had no children of their own; they adopted a son from Pauahi's cousin [[Ruth Keelikolani|Ruth Ke{{okina}}elikōlani]], but the infant died at the age of six months.
-===Chrysalimon=== http://sp1.yt-thm-a03.yimg.com/image/25/m1/1831639351
-Chrysalimon is the champion form of Diaboromon. Its body is covered with hard armor and tentacles emerge from its back.
+King [[Kamehameha V of Hawaii|Kamehameha V]] offered Pauahi the throne on his deathbed. But, taken aback, she replied, "No, no, not me; don't think of me. I don't need it." The king pressed on. But she again spurned the throne: "Oh, no, do not think of me. There are others." After considering the alternatives, all of whom were rejected, the king said no more. The king died an hour later. Pauahi's refusal to accept the crown allowed for the [[House of Kalakaua|House of Kalākaua]] to come to power. No one knows why Pauahi refused the throne. The answer may have been contained in her letter and memorabilia left in the care of her husband. Unfortunately, they were destroyed during the Great [[San Francisco earthquake of 1906]].
-'''<u>Attacks'''</u>
-* '''Data Crusher''': A yellow ball of energy is shot from Chrysalimon's mouth.
-* '''Unconnect Buster''': An attack that causes the victim to de-digivolve.
-* '''Internet Surge''': A beam of energy is shot from Chrysalimon's bottom.
-|-
-| style="background:WhiteSmoke" |
+On [[October 16]], [[1884]], at the age of 52, Pauahi died of cancer at Keōua Hale, Honolulu. She is interred in the Kamehameha Crypt at [[Mauna {{okina}}Ala]] on O{{okina}}ahu. After her death, her husband helped establish the [[Kamehameha Schools]] in 1887, and founded the [[Bishop Museum]] in [[Honolulu, Hawaii|Honolulu]] in 1889 as a memorial to Pauahi.
-===Infermon===
-[[Image:Infermon.jpg|thumb|Infermon]]
-The Ultimate level [[List of Ultimate Digimon (Part 2)#Infermon|Infermon]] form was reached through [[digivolution#Skeeting / Ultimate Evolution|warp digivolution]], thus bypassing the Adult/Champion stage, [[Karisarimon]]. In this form, [[Greymon]] and [[Kabuterimon]] had a hard time fighting him. To defeat the powerful Digimon, they also planned to digivolve on their Ultimate Level but while there were digivolving, Infermon attacked them, resulting in their defeat. Infermon then escaped and hacked himself in the US military network, from where he launched a nuclear missile on the [[DigiDestined]]. [[Agumon]] and [[Gabumon]] attacked him in their Warp Digivolved forms, [[WarGreymon]] and [[MetalGarurumon]]. However, as the strides were against him, he digivolved into [[Diaboromon]], nearly killing both [[Patamon]] and [[Tentomon]]. This greatly enraged Tai and Matt, and they began to pummel him, that is, until Tai's computer froze, causing Wargreymon to do the same. Without the help of [[WarGreymon]], [[MetalGarurumon]] was easily defeated by Diaboromon.
+==Kamehameha Schools==
-<u>'''Attacks'''</u>
+Bishop wished that upon her death a portion of her estate be used to establish a school for educating boys and girls. The 1883 will directed that a portion of her estate be held in trust "to erect and maintain in the Hawaiian Islands two schools...one for boys and one girls, to be known as and called the Kamehameha Schools."<ref name=will>[http://www.ksbe.edu/pauahi/will.php Kamehameha Schools - Bernice Pauahi Bishop's Will and Codicils<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> She directed her five trustees to invest her estate at their discretion and use the annual income to operate the schools
-* '''Spider Shooter''' (''Cocoon Attack''): His mouth open to reveal a barrel-like cannon.shooting small flares
-|-
-|
-===Armageddemon===
-[[Image:Armageddemon.gif|thumb|Armageddemon]]
-[[List of Mega Digimon (Part 1)#Armageddemon|Armageddemon]] appeared in [[Digimon Adventure 02#Diaboromon Strikes Back|Revenge of Diaboromon]].
+When she wrote her will, only 44,000 Hawaiians were alive. After Mrs. Bishop's death in 1884, her husband Charles Reed Bishop started work in carrying out her will.
-A group of Kuramon combined into Armageddemon at [[Tokyo Bay]]. There, he was confronted and battled by [[Omnimon]]. After defeating Omnimon, he also made short work of [[Imperialdramon Fighter Mode]]. The combined power of [[WarGreymon]] and [[MetalGarurumon]] created the Omni Sword, reviving Imperialdramon and creating [[Imperialdramon Paladin Mode]], whose Omni Sword attack ultimately killed Armageddemon, releasing all the Kuramon within. These were forever sealed within the Omni Sword, ending Diaboromon's rampage.
+The original Kamehameha School for Boys was established in 1887 on the site of the current Bishop Museum. The girls' school was established in 1894 on a nearby campus. By 1955, the schools moved to their current 600 acre (2.4 km²) location in Kapālama Heights.
-'''<u>Attacks'''</u>
-* '''Destiny Destroyer''' (''Ultimate Flare''): Fires a solar-hot energy blast from his mouth.
+==Will controversies==
-* '''Full Scale Attack''' (''Black Rain''): Launches a swarm of missile-like projectiles from his back.
+There has been some controversy over the interpretation and legality of her will, with some{{Who|date=September 2008}} insisting that her intention was to only admit children of Hawaiian or part-Hawaiian ancestry to the schools, others{{Who|date=September 2008}} interpreting her will more liberally, as well as those who contend her instructions are manifestly unconstitutional.
+In the will, the trustees were instructed "...to devote a portion of each year's income to the support and education of orphans, and others in indigent circumstances, giving the preference to Hawaiians of pure or part aboriginal blood..." Additionally she directed that: replacement trustees be appointed by the Hawai{{okina}}i Supreme Court, and that they be Protestants; that all teachers be Protestant, without regard to denomination. These clauses were deemed unconstitutional in 1993 by the 9th Circuit Court.<ref>E.E.O.C. v. Kamehameha School/Bishop Estate, 990 F.2d 458, 460-464 (9th Cir. 1993).</ref>
+On [[December 5]], [[2006]], the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco overturned an earlier ruling in the John Doe vs. Kamehameha Schools lawsuit which ruled the Kamehameha Schools policy amounted to unlawful discrimination.  The 8-7 decision allows Kamehameha Schools to continue its native Hawaiians only admissions.  Eric Grant, the attorney for John Doe, said he would appeal to the Supreme Court,<ref>http://www.cnn.com/2006/EDUCATION/12/05/hawaiian.school.ap/index.html</ref> but the parties settled out of court and certiorari was accordingly denied.
+==Notes==
+{{Reflist}}
 ==References==
+{{reflist}}
-<references />
-</div>
+==External links==
-{{digimon01}}
+*[http://kapalama.ksbe.edu/archives/photo/pauahi/album/index.htm Bernice Pauahi Bishop Photograph Album 1847 - 1880]
-{{digimon02}}
+*[http://kapalama.ksbe.edu/archives/FirstYears/pauahi.php Ke Ali'‘i Bernice Pauahi Bishop]
+*[http://www.ksbe.edu/pauahi/bio.php Ke Ali'i Bernice Pauahi Paki Bishop (1831-1884) Founder of Kamehameha Schools]
+*[http://www.ksbe.edu/pauahi/index.php Ke Ali'i Bernice Pauahi Paki Bishop (1831-1884) Founder of Kamehameha Schools]
+*[http://www.myhero.com/myhero/hero.asp?hero=Bernice_Pauahi_Bishop_Kamehameha WOMAN HERO:BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP]
+*[http://kgmb9.com/main/content/view/4116/110/ Legacy of Love: Charles Reed Bishop & Princess Bernice Pauahi Bishop]
+*[http://www.keouanui.org/Kamehameha_DescendantsBernicePauahiBishop.html Biography from the Hawai{{okina}}i Royal Family's official site]
+*[http://starbulletin.com/97/08/19/news/story2.html Will of Bernice Pauahi Bishop]
+*[http://www.moolelo.com/ks-willbetter2.html PRINCESS BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP'S WILL, "A STATEMENT FROM THE PAST]
+*[http://www.ksbe.edu/pauahi/will.php Ke Ali'i Bernice Pauahi Paki Bishop (1831-1884) Will and Codicils]
+*[http://www.oha.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=516&Itemid=225 Pauahi statue unveiled]
+*[http://kgmb9.com/main/content/view/4116/110/ PAUAHI: A LEGACY FOR HAWAII]
+*[http://kapalama.ksbe.edu/archives/Timelines/romance/match.php Bernice and Charles: a match made in heaven]
+*[http://kapalama.ksbe.edu/archives/historical/Europe%201875/Default.php  KA MOI TO REPRINT DIARY TELLING ABOUT MRS. BISHOP'S EUROPEAN TRIP]
+*[http://www.hawaiihistory.com/index.cfm?t=1&fuseaction=ig.page&PageID=308&returntoname=year%201884&returntopageid=168&PageLayout=Print Bernice Pauahi dies]
+*[http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/150/sesq1bernicebishop The Honolulu Advertiser Pauahi]
+*[http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=10949 Bernice Pauahi Bishop] at [[Find a Grave]]
-[[Category:Mega Digimon]]
+[[Category:1831 births]]
-[[Category:Virus Digimon]]
+[[Category:1884 deaths]]
-[[Category:Digimon Dark Area family]]
+[[Category:House of Kamehameha]]
-[[Category:Digimon Nightmare Soldiers family]]
+[[Category:Philanthropists]]
+[[Category:Royal Family of Hawaii]]
+[[Category:Hawaiian princesses]]
+[[Category:Women of the Victorian era]]
+[[Category:Heirs to the Hawaiian throne]]
+[[Category:Cancer deaths in Hawaii]]