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'''Otto Degener''' ([[13 May]] [[1899]] in [[East Orange]], [[New Jersey]] - [[16 January]] [[1988]] in [[Honolulu]], [[Hawai'i]]) was a botanist and conservationist, and is recognized as the authority of the flora of the Hawai'ian Islands.
'''Otto Degener''' (May 13, 1899 – January 16, 1988) was a botanist and conservationist who specialized in identifying plants of the [[Hawaiian Islands]].


==Biography==
⚫
Degener started his ''[[Flora Hawaiiensis]]'' in 1932, the first such flora published since 1888. He collected over 36,000 different species and preserved some 900 threatened and endangered plants.
Degener was born May 13, 1899, in [[East Orange]], New Jersey. Degener graduated from the Massachusetts Agricultural College (now [[University of Massachusetts Amherst]]). Intending to spend a year as a tourist, he arrived in [[Hawaii]] but decided to stay.<ref>{{cite news |hdl= 10524/265 |title= Notes & Queries |work= Hawaiian Journal of History |publisher=Hawaii Historical Society |volume= 21 |author= E. Alison Kay |year= 1987 |page= 155}}</ref>
He received his MA from the [[University of Hawaiʻi]] in 1922 and his PhD from [[Columbia University]]. He taught botany at the University of Hawaiʻi from 1925 to 1927, and was the first naturalist for what are now [[Hawaii Volcanoes National Park]] and [[Haleakala National Park]].<ref name="note">{{cite web |title= Biographical Note|date= January 2000 |url=http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/libr/finding_guide/degener3.asp |work= Archives and Manuscript Collections |publisher= New York Botanical Garden |access-date= July 18, 2010 }}</ref>


In 1932, Degener started the first book on Hawaiian plants published since that of [[William Hillebrand]] in 1888. It was titled ''Flora Hawaiiensis'', and published in several volumes over his lifetime. On January 10, 1953, he married the botanist [[Isa Degener|Isa Irmgard Hansen]], whom he met in Berlin in 1952. They collected plants together in the Hawaiian archipelago. After 1956 Isa Degener was a coauthor for ''Flora Hawaiiensis''.<ref name=ODegener>{{cite web|title=Degener, Otto (1899-1988)|website=JSTOR Global Plants|url=https://plants.jstor.org/stable/history/10.5555/al.ap.person.bm000001929}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Degener, Isa (Irmgard)|website=JSTOR Global Plants|url=https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.person.bm000380379}}</ref><ref name="MillWagner2019">{{cite journal|last1=Mill|first1=Susan W.|last2=Wagner|first2=Warren L.|last3=Herbst|first3=Derral R.|title=Bibliography of Otto and Isa Degeners' Hawaiian floras|journal=Taxon|volume=34|issue=2|date=May 1985|pages=229–259|issn=0040-0262|doi=10.2307/1221781|jstor=1221781|postscript=; published online 2019}}</ref> [[Amy B. H. Greenwell]] assisted in some of the volumes, and left her property as a botanical garden.<ref>{{cite web |title= Amy B.H. Greenwell |url= http://www.bishopmuseum.org/exhibits/greenwell/amygreenwell.html |publisher= [[Bernice P. Bishop Museum]] |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101026111117/http://bishopmuseum.org/exhibits/greenwell/amygreenwell.html |archive-date= 2010-10-26 }}</ref>
⚫
The tree ''[[Degeneria vitiensis]]'', which he discovered in [[Fiji]] in 1942, is named after him.
⚫
He collected over 36,000 different species and preserved some 900 threatened and endangered plants.
His specimens were left to the [[New York Botanical Garden]].<ref name="note"/>


Degener was guest botanist on the [[USS Cheng Ho (IX-52)|second ''Cheng Ho'' expedition]], which lasted from 1940 to 1941 and was sponsored by [[Anne Mills Archbold]]. During about eight months he collected over 2,000 specimens from Fijian plants, which were sent to [[Albert Charles Smith]] and other specialists in the United States. In 1949 Degener published a book describing his travels and experiences in the Fiji Islands.<ref name="Raup1950">{{cite journal|last1=Raup|first1=H. M.|author-link=Hugh M. Raup|title=Review: ''Naturalist's South Pacific Expedition: Fiji'' by Otto Degener|journal=The Quarterly Review of Biology|volume=25|issue=2|year=1950|page=204|issn=0033-5770|doi=10.1086/397552}} The review refers to "Mrs. Anne Archbold" — this is wrong — she divorced Armar Dayrolles Saunderson in 1922 — her name was never "Mrs. Archbold".</ref>
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==References==
⚫
The tree ''[[Degeneria vitiensis]]'', which he discovered in [[Fiji]] in 1941, is named after him. He died January 16, 1988, in [[Honolulu]], Hawaii.
* [http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/libr/finding_guide/degener3.asp Biographical Note]

Otto and Isa Degener were in Edinburgh in August 1964 for the 10th [[International Botanical Congress]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Proceedings of the Tenth International Botanical Congress, Edinburgh, August 4-11, 1964|year=1964|page=123|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l1E_AAAAYAAJ&q=degener}}</ref>

They were commended by the Hawaiian Senate for their conservation work.<ref name=ODegener/> Many of the plants collected by Otto Degener belong to species that are now extinct.<ref>{{cite news|author=TenBruggencate, Jan|title=Isle botanist recalled as brilliant, opinionated (obituary of Otto Degener)|date=24 January 1988|newspaper=Honolulu Star-Advertiser|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34978921/1241988-honolulu-star-bulletin-otto/}}</ref>


{{botanist|O.Deg.|Degener, Otto}}
{{botanist|O.Deg.|Degener, Otto}}

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==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{wikispecies-inline}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Degener, Otto}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Degener, Otto}}
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[[Category:1899 births]]
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{{botanist-stub}}
[[Category:1988 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century American botanists]]
[[Category:Massachusetts Agricultural College alumni]]
[[Category:University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa alumni]]
[[Category:Columbia University alumni]]
[[Category:People from East Orange, New Jersey]]


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[[Category:American botanists]]


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{{US-botanist-stub}}
[[es:Otto Degener]]
[[nl:Otto Degener]]

Latest revision as of 10:31, 2 July 2023

Otto Degener (May 13, 1899 – January 16, 1988) was a botanist and conservationist who specialized in identifying plants of the Hawaiian Islands.

Biography[edit]

Degener was born May 13, 1899, in East Orange, New Jersey. Degener graduated from the Massachusetts Agricultural College (now University of Massachusetts Amherst). Intending to spend a year as a tourist, he arrived in Hawaii but decided to stay.[1] He received his MA from the University of Hawaiʻi in 1922 and his PhD from Columbia University. He taught botany at the University of Hawaiʻi from 1925 to 1927, and was the first naturalist for what are now Hawaii Volcanoes National Park and Haleakala National Park.[2]

In 1932, Degener started the first book on Hawaiian plants published since that of William Hillebrand in 1888. It was titled Flora Hawaiiensis, and published in several volumes over his lifetime. On January 10, 1953, he married the botanist Isa Irmgard Hansen, whom he met in Berlin in 1952. They collected plants together in the Hawaiian archipelago. After 1956 Isa Degener was a coauthor for Flora Hawaiiensis.[3][4][5] Amy B. H. Greenwell assisted in some of the volumes, and left her property as a botanical garden.[6] He collected over 36,000 different species and preserved some 900 threatened and endangered plants. His specimens were left to the New York Botanical Garden.[2]

Degener was guest botanist on the second Cheng Ho expedition, which lasted from 1940 to 1941 and was sponsored by Anne Mills Archbold. During about eight months he collected over 2,000 specimens from Fijian plants, which were sent to Albert Charles Smith and other specialists in the United States. In 1949 Degener published a book describing his travels and experiences in the Fiji Islands.[7] The tree Degeneria vitiensis, which he discovered in Fiji in 1941, is named after him. He died January 16, 1988, in Honolulu, Hawaii.

Otto and Isa Degener were in Edinburgh in August 1964 for the 10th International Botanical Congress.[8]

They were commended by the Hawaiian Senate for their conservation work.[3] Many of the plants collected by Otto Degener belong to species that are now extinct.[9]

The standard author abbreviation O.Deg. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.[10]

References[edit]

  1. ^ E. Alison Kay (1987). "Notes & Queries". Hawaiian Journal of History. Vol. 21. Hawaii Historical Society. p. 155. hdl:10524/265.
  2. ^ a b "Biographical Note". Archives and Manuscript Collections. New York Botanical Garden. January 2000. Retrieved July 18, 2010.
  3. ^ a b "Degener, Otto (1899-1988)". JSTOR Global Plants.
  4. ^ "Degener, Isa (Irmgard)". JSTOR Global Plants.
  5. ^ Mill, Susan W.; Wagner, Warren L.; Herbst, Derral R. (May 1985). "Bibliography of Otto and Isa Degeners' Hawaiian floras". Taxon. 34 (2): 229–259. doi:10.2307/1221781. ISSN 0040-0262. JSTOR 1221781; published online 2019{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  6. ^ "Amy B.H. Greenwell". Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Archived from the original on 2010-10-26.
  7. ^ Raup, H. M. (1950). "Review: Naturalist's South Pacific Expedition: Fiji by Otto Degener". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 25 (2): 204. doi:10.1086/397552. ISSN 0033-5770. The review refers to "Mrs. Anne Archbold" — this is wrong — she divorced Armar Dayrolles Saunderson in 1922 — her name was never "Mrs. Archbold".
  8. ^ Proceedings of the Tenth International Botanical Congress, Edinburgh, August 4-11, 1964. 1964. p. 123.
  9. ^ TenBruggencate, Jan (24 January 1988). "Isle botanist recalled as brilliant, opinionated (obituary of Otto Degener)". Honolulu Star-Advertiser.
  10. ^ International Plant Names Index.  O.Deg.

External links[edit]


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