Paenibacillus polymyxa

Paenibacillus polymyxa
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Division:	Firmicutes
Class:	Bacilli
Order:	Bacillales
Family:	Paenibacillaceae
Genus:	Paenibacillus; (Prazmowski 1880) ; Ash et al. 1994
Binomial name
	Paenibacillus polymyxa;
Type strain
	ATCC 842 ; CCUG 1086 ; CFBP 4258 ; CIP 66.22 ; DSM 36 ; HAMBI 635 and 1897 ; JCM 2507 ; LMG 13294 ; NBRC 15309 ; NCCB 24016 ; NCTC 10343 ; NRRL B-4317 ; VKM B-514
Synonyms
	Bacillus polymyxa (Prazmowski 1880) Macé 1889 ; Clostridium polymyxa Prazmowski 1880 ; Granulobacter polymyxa (Prazmowski 1880) Beijerinck 1893 ; Aerobacillus polymyxa (Prazmowski 1880) Donker 1926 ; Pseudomonas azotogensis Voets and Debacker

Paenibacillus polymyxa^[1]^[2] is a Gram-positive bacterium capable of fixing nitrogen. The species may also be known as Bacillus polymyxa. It is found in soil, plant roots, and marine sediments.^[3] Strains of this species were also isolated from cod intestines by students at the University of Tromsø in February 2009.

Growth conditions

P. polymyxa can be grown in the laboratory on TSAg-medium.

Applications

Agricultural use

P. polymyxa is used as a soil inoculant in agriculture^[4] and horticulture. Biofilms of P. polymyxa growing on plant roots have been shown to produce exopolysaccharides which protect the plants from pathogens. The interactions between this bacterial species and plant roots also cause the root hairs to undergo physical changes.^[5]

Antibiotics

Some strains of P. polymyxa produce polymyxin antibiotic compounds.^[6] Surfactant complexes isolated from P. polymyxa have been shown to be effective in disrupting biofilms of Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus bovis.^[7]

References

^ Puri, Akshit; Padda, Kiran Preet; Chanway, Chris P (October 2015). "Can a diazotrophic endophyte originally isolated from lodgepole pine colonize an agricultural crop (corn) and promote its growth?". Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 89: 210–216. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.012. {{cite journal}}: External link in |last1= and |last3= (help)
^ Puri, Akshit; Padda, Kiran Preet; Chanway, Chris P (25 August 2015). "Evidence of nitrogen fixation and growth promotion in canola (Brassica napus L.) by an endophytic diazotroph Paenibacillus polymyxa P2b-2R". Biology and Fertility of Soils. doi:10.1007/s00374-015-1051-y. {{cite journal}}: External link in |last1= and |last3= (help)
^ Lal, Sadhana; Tabacchioni, Silvia (21 April 2009). "Ecology and biotechnological potential of Paenibacillus polymyxa: a minireview". Indian Journal of Microbiology. 49 (1): 2–10. doi:10.1007/s12088-009-0008-y.
^ Puri, Akshit (22 July 2015). "Plant growth promotion and nitrogen fixation by Paenibacillus polymyxa in corn and canola". doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.2493.1684/1. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); External link in |last1= (help)
^ Yegorenkova, Irina V.; Tregubova, Kristina V.; Ignatov, Vladimir V. (12 January 2013). "Paenibacillus polymyxa Rhizobacteria and Their Synthesized Exoglycans in Interaction with Wheat Roots: Colonization and Root Hair Deformation". Current Microbiology. 66 (5): 481–486. doi:10.1007/s00284-012-0297-y.
^ Shaheen, M; Li, J; Ross, AC; Vederas, JC; Jensen, SE (Dec 23, 2011). "Paenibacillus polymyxa PKB1 produces variants of polymyxin B-type antibiotics". Chemistry & Biology. 18 (12): 1640–8. doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.09.017. PMID 22195566.
^ Quinn, GA; Maloy, AP; McClean, S; Carney, B; Slater, JW (2012). "Lipopeptide biosurfactants from Paenibacillus polymyxa inhibit single and mixed species biofilms". Biofouling. 28 (10): 1151–66. doi:10.1080/08927014.2012.738292. PMID 23113815.

External links

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[1] Puri, Akshit; Padda, Kiran Preet; Chanway, Chris P (October 2015). "Can a diazotrophic endophyte originally isolated from lodgepole pine colonize an agricultural crop (corn) and promote its growth?". Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 89: 210–216. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.012. {{cite journal}}: External link in |last1= and |last3= (help)

[2] Puri, Akshit; Padda, Kiran Preet; Chanway, Chris P (25 August 2015). "Evidence of nitrogen fixation and growth promotion in canola (Brassica napus L.) by an endophytic diazotroph Paenibacillus polymyxa P2b-2R". Biology and Fertility of Soils. doi:10.1007/s00374-015-1051-y. {{cite journal}}: External link in |last1= and |last3= (help)

[3] Lal, Sadhana; Tabacchioni, Silvia (21 April 2009). "Ecology and biotechnological potential of Paenibacillus polymyxa: a minireview". Indian Journal of Microbiology. 49 (1): 2–10. doi:10.1007/s12088-009-0008-y.

[4] Puri, Akshit (22 July 2015). "Plant growth promotion and nitrogen fixation by Paenibacillus polymyxa in corn and canola". doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.2493.1684/1. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); External link in |last1= (help)

[5] Yegorenkova, Irina V.; Tregubova, Kristina V.; Ignatov, Vladimir V. (12 January 2013). "Paenibacillus polymyxa Rhizobacteria and Their Synthesized Exoglycans in Interaction with Wheat Roots: Colonization and Root Hair Deformation". Current Microbiology. 66 (5): 481–486. doi:10.1007/s00284-012-0297-y.

[6] Shaheen, M; Li, J; Ross, AC; Vederas, JC; Jensen, SE (Dec 23, 2011). "Paenibacillus polymyxa PKB1 produces variants of polymyxin B-type antibiotics". Chemistry & Biology. 18 (12): 1640–8. doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.09.017. PMID 22195566.

[7] Quinn, GA; Maloy, AP; McClean, S; Carney, B; Slater, JW (2012). "Lipopeptide biosurfactants from Paenibacillus polymyxa inhibit single and mixed species biofilms". Biofouling. 28 (10): 1151–66. doi:10.1080/08927014.2012.738292. PMID 23113815.

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