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{{Short description|Species of oak tree}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{italic title}}
{{italic title}}
{{speciesbox
{{taxobox
|name = Northern Pin Oak
| name = Northern pin oak
|image = Northern Pin Oak.jpg
| image = Northern Pin Oak.jpg
|status = LR/lc
| status = LC
|status_system = IUCN2.3
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Wenzell, K. |author2=Kenny, L. |author3=Jerome, D. |date=2017 |title=''Quercus ellipsoidalis'' |volume=2017 |page=e.T33896A111335227 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T33896A111335227.en |access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref>
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| display_parents = 2
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
| parent = Quercus sect. Lobatae
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
⚫
| genus = Quercus
|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
⚫
| species = ellipsoidalis
|ordo = [[Fagales]]
⚫
| authority = [[Ellsworth Jerome Hill|E.J.Hill]]
|familia = [[Fagaceae]]
⚫
| range_map = Quercus ellipsoidalis range map 1.png
⚫
|genus = ''[[Oak|Quercus]]''
| range_map_caption = Natural range (in the US)
|sectio = ''[[List of Quercus species#Section Lobatae|Lobatae]]''
⚫
}}
⚫
|species = '''''Q. ellipsoidalis'''''
⚫
|binomial = ''Quercus ellipsoidalis''
⚫
|binomial_authority = [[Ellsworth Jerome Hill|E.J.Hill]]
⚫
|}}


'''''Quercus ellipsoidalis''''', the '''northern pin oak''' or '''Hill's oak''', is a North American species of [[oak]] tree native to the north-central [[United States]] and south-central [[Canada]], primarily in the [[Great Lakes region]] and the [[Upper Mississippi Valley]].<ref>{{BONAP|ref |genus=Quercus |species=ellipsoidalis}}</ref> It most commonly occurs on dry, sandy soils.<ref>[https://michiganflora.net/species.aspx?id=1376 Michigan Flora Online]. A. A. Reznicek, E. G. Voss, & B. S. Walters. February 2011. University of Michigan. Web. 26 August 2020.</ref>
'''''Quercus ellipsoidalis''''', the '''Northern Pin Oak''', is an [[oak]] in the [[List of Quercus species#Section Lobatae|red oak]] section ''Quercus'' sect. ''Lobatae''. It is often wrongly identified as the Hill's Oak. It is mainly native to the northern [[Midwestern United States|midwest]] [[United States]], and also in the southeast and southwest of [[Ontario]], [[Canada]]. It occurs on moist,clay soils. Although the name suggests an alliance to the [[Pin Oak]] ''Q. palustris'', it has traditionally been thought to be closely related to the [[Scarlet Oak]] ''Q. coccinea'', and was in fact included in that species by many botanists. However, recent work suggests that Hill's oak is more closely related to [[Quercus velutina|Black Oak]] ''Q. velutina'' and that there may be ongoing gene flow between those species (Hipp and Weber 2008). The morphological similarity between ''Q. ellipsoidalis'' and ''Q. coccinea'' remains a source of confusion, especially in northwestern Indiana and southern Cook County, Illinois.


==Description==
It is a medium-sized [[deciduous]] [[tree]] growing to 20 m tall with an open, rounded crown. The [[leaf|leaves]] are glossy green, 7-13&nbsp;cm long and 5-10&nbsp;cm broad, lobed, with five or seven lobes, and deep sinuses between the lobes. Each lobe has 3-7 bristle-tipped teeth. The leaf is nearly hairless, except for small tufts of pale orange-brown down where the lobe veins join the central vein. The [[acorn]]s tend to be ellipsoid ([[ellipse]]-shaped, from which its scientific name derives), though they tend to be highly variable and range to globose, 6-11&nbsp;mm long and 10-19&nbsp;mm broad, a third to a half covered in a deep cup, green maturing pale brown about 18 months after [[pollination]]; the kernel is very bitter. The inner surface of the acorn cap is glabrous (hairless) to sparsely or moderately pubescent, and the hairs if present tend to be kinky rather than straight.
''Quercus ellipsoidalis'' is a medium-sized [[deciduous]] tree growing to {{convert|20|m|ft|abbr=off|sp=us}} tall with an open, rounded crown. The [[leaves]] are glossy green, {{convert|7|-|13|cm|in|frac=4|abbr=off}} long and {{convert|5|-|10|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} broad, lobed, with five or seven lobes, and deep sinuses between the lobes. Each lobe has 3–7 bristle-tipped teeth. The leaf is nearly hairless, except for small tufts of pale orange-brown down where the lobe veins join the central vein. The [[acorn]]s tend to be ellipsoid ([[ellipse]]-shaped, from which its scientific name derives), though they tend to be highly variable and range to globose, {{convert|6|–|11|mm|in|frac=32}} long and {{convert|10|–|19|mm|in|frac=32|abbr=on}} broad, a third to a half covered in a deep cup, green maturing pale brown about 18 months after [[pollination]]; the kernel is very bitter. The inner surface of the acorn cap is glabrous (hairless) to sparsely or moderately pubescent, and the hairs if present tend to be kinky rather than straight.<ref>{{eFloras|1|233501027|Quercus ellipsoidalis|family=Fagaceae |first=Kevin C. |last=Nixon}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://quercus.lifedesks.org/pages/1161 |website=Oaks of the Americas |title=''Quercus ellipsoidalis''}}</ref>

==Taxonomy==
Although the common name suggests a resemblance to the [[pin oak]] (''Q.&nbsp;palustris''), ''Q.&nbsp;ellipsoidalis'' has traditionally been thought to be closely related to the [[scarlet oak]] (''Q.&nbsp;coccinea''), and was in fact included in that species by many botanists. Recent work suggests that there is more gene flow between Hill's oak and [[Quercus velutina|black oak]] (''Q.&nbsp;velutina''), but the phylogenetic position of these species is still uncertain.<ref name=":0" /> The morphological similarity between ''Q.&nbsp;ellipsoidalis'' and ''Q.&nbsp;coccinea'' remains a source of confusion, especially in northwestern Indiana and southern Cook County, Illinois.<ref name=":0">[http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/aspt/sb/2008/00000033/00000001 Hipp AL, JA Weber (2008) Systematic Botany 33: 148-158 ]</ref><ref>[http://systematics.mortonarb.org/lab/projects/Qellipsoidalis.html Ongoing research at The Morton Arboretum into the taxonomy of Hill's oak, including SEM images of the pubescence on the inner surface of the acorn cap]</ref>


==Uses==
==Uses==
Northern Pin Oak is planted as an [[ornamental tree]], popular for its bright red fall color and tolerance of infertile sandy soils. The wood is used for fence posts, fuel and general construction.
Northern pin oak is planted as an [[ornamental tree]], popular for its bright red fall color and tolerance of infertile sandy soils. The wood is used for fence posts, fuel and general construction. The cultivar 'Hemelrijk' has gained the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s [[Award of Garden Merit]].<ref name="RHSPF">{{cite web |title=RHS Plantfinder – Quercus ellipsoidalis 'Hemelrijk' |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/88412/quercus-ellipsoidalis-hemelrijk/details |access-date=2022-04-28 |website=The Royal Horticultural Society}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf | title = AGM Plants – Ornamental | date = July 2017 | page = 83
| publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | access-date = 18 May 2018}}</ref>
[[File:Northernpinoak.png|thumb|Native range in the [[United States]]]]

==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{IUCN2006|assessors=Sternberg|year=1998|id=33896|title=Quercus ellipsoidalis|downloaded=05 May 2006}}

*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233501027 Flora of North America: ''Quercus ellipsoidalis'']
==External links==
* Hipp AL, JA Weber (2008) Systematic Botany 33: 148-158 [http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/aspt/sb/2008/00000033/00000001]
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* [http://redwood.mortonarb.org/lab_pages/hipp/projects/Qellipsoidalis.html Ongoing research at The Morton Arboretum into the taxonomy of Hill's oak, including SEM images of the pubescence on the inner surface of the acorn cap]
* {{Wikispecies-inline}}
* [http://www.tropicos.org/Image/57743 Photo of herbarium specimen at Missouri Botanical Garden, collected in Illinois in 1899]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q241698}}


[[Category:Quercus|ellipsoidalis]]
[[Category:Quercus|ellipsoidalis]]
[[Category:Trees of the United States]]
[[Category:Trees of the Plains-Midwest (United States)]]
[[Category:Trees of Canada]]
[[Category:Trees of Northern America]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1899]]
[[Category:Least concern plants]]
[[Category:Least concern plants]]
[[Category:Trees of Ontario]]
[[Category:Least concern flora of North America]]
[[Category:Least concern flora of the United States]]

[[az:Quercus ellipsoidalis]]
[[es:Quercus ellipsoidalis]]
[[hu:Quercus ellipsoidalis]]

Latest revision as of 13:13, 23 December 2023

Northern pin oak
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fagales
Family: Fagaceae
Genus: Quercus
Subgenus: Quercus subg. Quercus
Section: Quercus sect. Lobatae
Species:
Q. ellipsoidalis
Binomial name
Quercus ellipsoidalis
Natural range (in the US)

Quercus ellipsoidalis, the northern pin oak or Hill's oak, is a North American species of oak tree native to the north-central United States and south-central Canada, primarily in the Great Lakes region and the Upper Mississippi Valley.[2] It most commonly occurs on dry, sandy soils.[3]

Description[edit]

Quercus ellipsoidalis is a medium-sized deciduous tree growing to 20 meters (66 feet) tall with an open, rounded crown. The leaves are glossy green, 7–13 centimetres (2+3⁄4–5 inches) long and 5–10 cm (2–4 in) broad, lobed, with five or seven lobes, and deep sinuses between the lobes. Each lobe has 3–7 bristle-tipped teeth. The leaf is nearly hairless, except for small tufts of pale orange-brown down where the lobe veins join the central vein. The acorns tend to be ellipsoid (ellipse-shaped, from which its scientific name derives), though they tend to be highly variable and range to globose, 6–11 millimetres (1⁄4–7⁄16 in) long and 10–19 mm (13⁄32–3⁄4 in) broad, a third to a half covered in a deep cup, green maturing pale brown about 18 months after pollination; the kernel is very bitter. The inner surface of the acorn cap is glabrous (hairless) to sparsely or moderately pubescent, and the hairs if present tend to be kinky rather than straight.[4][5]

Taxonomy[edit]

Although the common name suggests a resemblance to the pin oak (Q. palustris), Q. ellipsoidalis has traditionally been thought to be closely related to the scarlet oak (Q. coccinea), and was in fact included in that species by many botanists. Recent work suggests that there is more gene flow between Hill's oak and black oak (Q. velutina), but the phylogenetic position of these species is still uncertain.[6] The morphological similarity between Q. ellipsoidalis and Q. coccinea remains a source of confusion, especially in northwestern Indiana and southern Cook County, Illinois.[6][7]

Uses[edit]

Northern pin oak is planted as an ornamental tree, popular for its bright red fall color and tolerance of infertile sandy soils. The wood is used for fence posts, fuel and general construction. The cultivar 'Hemelrijk' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[8][9]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Wenzell, K.; Kenny, L.; Jerome, D. (2017). "Quercus ellipsoidalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T33896A111335227. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T33896A111335227.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. ^ "Quercus ellipsoidalis". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
  3. ^ Michigan Flora Online. A. A. Reznicek, E. G. Voss, & B. S. Walters. February 2011. University of Michigan. Web. 26 August 2020.
  4. ^ Nixon, Kevin C. (1997). "Quercus ellipsoidalis". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 3. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  5. ^ "Quercus ellipsoidalis". Oaks of the Americas.
  6. ^ a b Hipp AL, JA Weber (2008) Systematic Botany 33: 148-158
  7. ^ Ongoing research at The Morton Arboretum into the taxonomy of Hill's oak, including SEM images of the pubescence on the inner surface of the acorn cap
  8. ^ "RHS Plantfinder – Quercus ellipsoidalis 'Hemelrijk'". The Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 28 April 2022.
  9. ^ "AGM Plants – Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 83. Retrieved 18 May 2018.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quercus_ellipsoidalis&oldid=1191423170"