Quercus sagrana: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Species of oak tree}} |
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{{speciesbox |
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{{Speciesbox |
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| name = Cuban oak |
| name = Cuban oak |
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| image = Quercus oleoides var. sagraeana - Berlin Botanical Garden - IMG 8725.JPG |
| image = Quercus oleoides var. sagraeana - Berlin Botanical Garden - IMG 8725.JPG |
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|status = EN |
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|status_system = IUCN3.1 |
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|status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{Cite iucn |title=''Quercus sagrana'' |author=Jerome, D |name-list-style=amp |page= e.T89965324A89965347 |date=2020 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T89965324A89965347.en |access-date=26 January 2024}}</ref> |
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| genus = Quercus |
| genus = Quercus |
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| parent = Quercus |
| parent = Quercus sect. Virentes |
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| display_parents = 3 |
| display_parents = 3 |
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| species = |
| species = sagrana |
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| authority = [[Thomas Nuttall|Nutt.]] |
| authority = [[Thomas Nuttall|Nutt.]] |
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| synonyms = |
| synonyms = |
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*''Quercus cubana'' <small>A.Rich.</small> |
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* ''Q. virginiana'' var. ''sagraeana'' |
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*''Quercus oleoides'' subsp. ''sagrana'' <small>(Nutt.) Borhidi</small> |
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*''Quercus oleoides'' var. ''sagrana'' <small>(Nutt.) C.H.Mull.</small> |
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*''Quercus virginiana'' var. ''sagrana'' <small>(Nutt.) Trel.</small> |
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| synonyms_ref = <ref name="POWO_216368-2">{{BioRef |powo |id=216368-2 |genus=Quercus |species=sagrana |authority=Nutt. |access-date=2023-02-26}}</ref> |
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}} |
}} |
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'''''Quercus sagraeana''''', the '''Cuban oak''', is a medium-sized evergreen tree native to western Cuba in the Cuban pine forests [[ecoregion]]. |
'''''Quercus sagrana''''', also spelled '''''Quercus sagraeana''''', the '''Cuban oak''', is a medium-sized evergreen tree native to western [[Cuba]] in the [[Cuban pine forests]] [[ecoregion]]. It is the only [[oak]] native to the [[Caribbean]]. |
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It is known in [[Cuban Spanish]] as ''encina del sur''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Encina (''Quercus virginiana'') - EcuRed |url=https://www.ecured.cu/Encina_(Quercus_virginiana) |website=www.ecured.cu |access-date=21 February 2024 |language=es}}</ref> |
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== Nomenclature == |
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== Taxonomy == |
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The Cuban oak was first described by [[Thomas Nuttall|Nuttall]] in 1842 as ''Quercus sagraeana'' based on the specimen collected by [[Ramón de la Sagra]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Nuttall|first=Thomas|title=The North American sylva, or, a description of the forest trees of the United States, Canada, and Nova Scotia, not described in the work of F. Andrew Michaux|url=https://archive.org/details/cihm_40072|year=1842|publisher=J. Dobson|location=Philadelphia, PA}} [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33164140 p. 17]</ref> Article 60.8(c) of the [[International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants]] provides that where personal names end in -''a'', the adjectival form of the specific epithet is formed by adding -''n''- plus the appropriate gender ending.<ref>{{Citation |editor-last=Turland |editor-first=N.J. |display-editors=etal |year=2018 |contribution=Article 60 |title=International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017 |edition=electronic |location=Glashütten |publisher=International Association for Plant Taxonomy |contribution-url=https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/pages/main/art_60.html |access-date=2023-02-26 |mode=cs1}}</ref> The [[International Plant Names Index]] has corrected Nuttall's ''sagraeana'' to ''sagrana'' in accordance with this article.<ref name="IPNI_216368-2">{{BioRef|IPNI|genus=Quercus |species=sagrana |authority=Nutt. |id=216368-2 |access-date=2023-02-26 }}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Using the same specimen, but apparently unaware of the original name, [[Achille Richard|Richard]] (1853) named the Cuban oak ''Q. cubana''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Richard|first=Achille|title=Fanerogamia ó plantas vasculares. Historia física, política y natural de la Isla de Cuba|year=1853|editor=R. de la Sagra}}</ref> [[William Trelease|Trelease]] (1924) did not view ''Q. sagrana'' as a species in its own right but as a variety of ''[[Quercus virginiana|Q. virginiana]]''.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Trelease|first=William|title=The American oaks|journal=Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences|year=1924|volume=20|pages=1–255}}</ref> He proposed the name ''Q. virginiana'' var. ''sagrana''. [[Cornelius Herman Muller|Muller]] (1961) renamed it ''Q. oleoides'' var. ''sagrana'',<ref>{{cite journal|last=Muller|first=Cornelius H.|title=The live oaks of the series ''Virentes''|journal=Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences|year=1961|volume=65|pages=17–39}}</ref> hypothesizing that the Cuban oak population was a subspecies of ''[[Quercus oleoides|Q. oleoides]]'', originating from the [[Yucatán Peninsula|Yucatán]] region of [[Mexico]], but with introgression from ''[[Quercus geminata|Q. geminata]]'' coming from [[Florida]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Muller|first=Cornelius H.|title=The origin of ''Quercus'' on Cuba|journal=Revista de la Sociedad Cubana de Botánica|year=1955|volume=7|pages=41–47}}</ref> He considered the morphologically variable Cuban population a [[hybrid swarm]] that had stabilized and was distinct from the other live oaks of the ''Virentes''. A recent study of molecular genetic variation and taxonomically informative leaf morphology shows that the Cuban oak shows little evidence of hybrid origin and is most similar to ''[[Quercus virginiana|Q. virginiana]]'', but distinct enough to be regarded as a separate species, ''Q. sagrana''.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gugger |first=Paul F.|author-link2=Jeannine Cavender-Bares |author2=Cavender-Bares, Jeannine |title=Molecular and morphological support for a Florida origin of the Cuban oak |journal=Journal of Biogeography |year=2013 |volume=40 |issue=4 |pages=632–645|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02610.x}}</ref> It is placed in [[Quercus sect. Virentes|section ''Virentes'']].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Denk |first1=Thomas |last2=Grimm |first2=Guido W. |last3=Manos |first3=Paul S. |last4=Deng |first4=Min |last5=Hipp |first5=Andrew L. |date=2017 |title=Appendix 2.1: An updated infrageneric classification of the oaks |website=figshare |url=https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Appendix_2_1_________An_updated_infrageneric_classification_of_the_oaks/5547622/1 |access-date=2023-02-18 |format=xls |name-list-style=amp }}</ref> |
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==Conservation== |
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The species is considered Endangered by the [[IUCN Red List]], due to [[habitat destruction]] and fragmentation of Cuban pine forests by mining, cattle grazing, urban development and fires in its [[endemic]] [[Pinar del Río Province]]. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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{{Wikispecies}} |
{{Wikispecies|Quercus sagraeana}} |
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* [[Cuban pine forests]] |
* [[Cuban pine forests]] |
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==References== |
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[[Category:Endemic flora of Cuba]] |
[[Category:Endemic flora of Cuba]] |
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[[Category:Trees of Cuba]] |
[[Category:Trees of Cuba]] |
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[[Category:Taxa named by Thomas Nuttall]] |
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[[Category:Plants described in 1842]] |
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{{Quercus-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 21:10, 16 March 2024
| Cuban oak | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fagales |
| Family: | Fagaceae |
| Genus: | Quercus |
| Subgenus: | Quercus subg. Quercus |
| Section: | Quercus sect. Virentes |
| Species: | Q. sagrana
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| Binomial name | |
| Quercus sagrana | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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Quercus sagrana, also spelled Quercus sagraeana, the Cuban oak, is a medium-sized evergreen tree native to western Cuba in the Cuban pine forests ecoregion. It is the only oak native to the Caribbean.
It is known in Cuban Spanish as encina del sur.[3]
Taxonomy[edit]
The Cuban oak was first described by Nuttall in 1842 as Quercus sagraeana based on the specimen collected by Ramón de la Sagra.[4] Article 60.8(c) of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants provides that where personal names end in -a, the adjectival form of the specific epithet is formed by adding -n- plus the appropriate gender ending.[5] The International Plant Names Index has corrected Nuttall's sagraeana to sagrana in accordance with this article.[6]
Using the same specimen, but apparently unaware of the original name, Richard (1853) named the Cuban oak Q. cubana.[7] Trelease (1924) did not view Q. sagrana as a species in its own right but as a variety of Q. virginiana.[8] He proposed the name Q. virginiana var. sagrana. Muller (1961) renamed it Q. oleoides var. sagrana,[9] hypothesizing that the Cuban oak population was a subspecies of Q. oleoides, originating from the Yucatán region of Mexico, but with introgression from Q. geminata coming from Florida.[10] He considered the morphologically variable Cuban population a hybrid swarm that had stabilized and was distinct from the other live oaks of the Virentes. A recent study of molecular genetic variation and taxonomically informative leaf morphology shows that the Cuban oak shows little evidence of hybrid origin and is most similar to Q. virginiana, but distinct enough to be regarded as a separate species, Q. sagrana.[11] It is placed in section Virentes.[12]
Conservation[edit]
The species is considered Endangered by the IUCN Red List, due to habitat destruction and fragmentation of Cuban pine forests by mining, cattle grazing, urban development and fires in its endemic Pinar del Río Province.
See also[edit]
Wikispecies has information related to Quercus sagraeana.
References[edit]
- ^ Jerome, D (2020). "Quercus sagrana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T89965324A89965347. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T89965324A89965347.en. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
- ^ "Quercus sagrana Nutt." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
- ^ "Encina (Quercus virginiana) - EcuRed". www.ecured.cu (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 February 2024.
- ^ Nuttall, Thomas (1842). The North American sylva, or, a description of the forest trees of the United States, Canada, and Nova Scotia, not described in the work of F. Andrew Michaux. Philadelphia, PA: J. Dobson. p. 17
- ^ Turland, N.J.; et al., eds. (2018). "Article 60". International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017 (electronic ed.). Glashütten: International Association for Plant Taxonomy. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
- ^ "Quercus sagrana Nutt." International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
- ^ Richard, Achille (1853). R. de la Sagra (ed.). Fanerogamia ó plantas vasculares. Historia física, política y natural de la Isla de Cuba.
- ^ Trelease, William (1924). "The American oaks". Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences. 20: 1–255.
- ^ Muller, Cornelius H. (1961). "The live oaks of the series Virentes". Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences. 65: 17–39.
- ^ Muller, Cornelius H. (1955). "The origin of Quercus on Cuba". Revista de la Sociedad Cubana de Botánica. 7: 41–47.
- ^ Gugger, Paul F.; Cavender-Bares, Jeannine (2013). "Molecular and morphological support for a Florida origin of the Cuban oak". Journal of Biogeography. 40 (4): 632–645. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02610.x.
- ^ Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min & Hipp, Andrew L. (2017). "Appendix 2.1: An updated infrageneric classification of the oaks" (xls). figshare. Retrieved 2023-02-18.