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{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Short description|Liberty ship of WWII}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
{{Infobox ship image
| Ship image=[[File:SS Patrick Henry Liberty ship 1941.jpg|300px|SS Patrick Henry in September 1941.]]
| Ship image=SS Patrick Henry Liberty ship 1941.jpg
| Ship caption=''Patrick Henry'' September 1941
| Ship caption=''Patrick Henry'' September 1941
}}
}}
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| Hide header=
| Hide header=
| Ship country= United States
| Ship country= United States
| Ship flag= {{USN flag|1947}}
| Ship flag= {{USN flag|1946}}
| Ship name=SS ''Patrick Henry''
| Ship name=''Patrick Henry''
| Ship namesake=[[Patrick Henry]]
| Ship namesake=[[Patrick Henry]]
| Ship owner=
| Ship owner = [[War Shipping Administration]] (WSA)
| Ship operator=
| Ship operator = [[Lykes Brothers Steamship Co., Inc.]]
| Ship registry=
| Ship awarded = 14 March 1941
| Ship ordered = as type ([[Liberty ship|EC2-S-C1]]) hull, [[Maritime Commission|MCE]] hull 14
| Ship route=
| Ship builder= [[Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard]], [[Baltimore]], Maryland{{sfn|Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyards|2008}}
| Ship ordered=
| Ship original cost=1,613,203{{sfn|MARCOM}}
| Ship awarded=
| Ship builder= Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard, [[Baltimore]]
| Ship original cost=
| Ship yard number= 2001
| Ship yard number= 2001
| Ship way number= 1
| Ship way number= 1
| Ship laid down= 30 April 1941
| Ship laid down= 30 April 1941
| Ship launched= 27 September 1941
| Ship launched= 27 September 1941
| Ship sponsor=
| Ship christened=
| Ship completed= 30 December 1941
| Ship completed= 30 December 1941
| Ship acquired=
| Ship sponsor= [[Ilo Browne Wallace]]
| Ship identification = *[[Maritime call sign|Call sign]]: KIVU
| Ship commissioned=
*{{ICS|Kilo}}{{ICS|India}}{{ICS|Victor}}{{ICS|Uniform}}{{sfn|MARCOM}}
| Ship decommissioned=
| Ship in service=
| Ship out of service=
| Ship renamed=
| Ship reclassified=
| Ship refit=
| Ship struck=
| Ship reinstated=
| Ship homeport=
| Ship identification=
| Ship motto=
| Ship motto=
| Ship fate=* Grounded off [[Florida]], July 1946
| Ship nickname=
* Laid up in the [[National Defense Reserve Fleet]], [[Mobile, Alabama|Mobile]], Alabama, 22 August 1946
| Ship honors=
| Ship status= Sold for scrapping, 18 September 1958, withdrawn from fleet, 22 October 1958
| Ship captured=
| Ship fate=Scrapped, 1958
| Ship notes=
| Ship notes=
| Ship badge=
| Ship badge=
}}
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
{{Infobox ship characteristics
| Hide header=
| Hide header =
| Header caption=
| Header caption = {{sfn|Davies|2004|p=23}}
| Ship class= Type EC2-S-C1 [[Liberty ship]]
| Ship class ={{Liberty ship class}}
| Ship tonnage=
| Ship type =
| Ship tonnage = {{Liberty ship tonnage}}
| Ship displacement={{convert|14245|LT|MT}}<ref name="davies">{{cite web |url=http://ww2ships.com/acrobat/us-os-001-f-r00.pdf |title=Liberty Cargo Ships |first=James |last=Davies |work=ww2ships.com |year=2012 |page=23 |accessdate=6 May 2012}}</ref>
| Ship displacement = {{Liberty ship displacement}}
| Ship length=*{{Convert|441|ft|6|in|abbr=on}} [[Length overall|o/a]]
| Ship length = {{Liberty ship length}}
*{{Convert|417|ft|9|in|abbr=on}} [[Length between perpendiculars|p/p]]
| Ship beam = {{Liberty ship beam}}
*{{Convert|427|ft|abbr=on}} [[Length at the waterline|w/l]]<ref name="davies"/>
| Ship beam= {{Convert|57|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="davies"/>
| Ship draft = {{Liberty ship draft}}
| Ship capacity = {{Liberty ship cargo capacity}}
| Ship height=
| Ship hold depth =
| Ship draft= {{Convert|27|ft|9|in|abbr=on}}<ref name="davies"/>
| Ship depth=
| Ship power = {{Liberty ship power}}
| Ship propulsion = {{Liberty ship propulsion|8}}
| Ship hold depth=
| Ship complement = {{Liberty ship complement}}
| Ship decks=
| Ship armament = {{Liberty ship armament}}
| Ship deck clearance=
| Ship power=
| Ship speed = {{Liberty ship speed}}
| Ship propulsion=*Two oil-fired boilers
| Ship notes =
*[[Triple-expansion steam engine]]
*{{Convert|2500|hp|abbr=on}}
*Single screw
| Ship speed={{Convert|11|kn|lk=in}}<ref name="davies"/>
| Ship range={{Convert|20000|nmi|abbr=on}}
| Ship endurance=
| Ship boats=
| Ship capacity={{convert|10856|MT|LT|0|abbr=on}} [[deadweight tonnage|deadweight]] (DWT)<ref name="davies"/>
| Ship troops=
| Ship complement=
| Ship crew=81<ref name="davies"/>
| Ship time to activate=
| Ship sensors=
| Ship EW=
| Ship armament=*Stern-mounted [[4"/50 caliber gun|{{convert|4|in|mm|abbr=on}}]] [[deck gun]]
*Variety of [[anti-aircraft guns]]
| Ship armor=
| Ship notes=
}}
}}
|}
|}


'''SS ''Patrick Henry''''' was the first [[Liberty ship]] launched. It was built by the [[Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation]] at their Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard in [[Baltimore, Maryland]], and launched on 27 September 1941.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://shipbuildinghistory.com/history/shipyards/4emergencylarge/wwtwo/bethfairfield.htm |title=Bethlehem Fairfield |work=shipbuildinghistory.com |year=2012 |accessdate=13 May 2012}}</ref><ref name="Sawyer, L. A pp. 7, 36">Sawyer, L. A. and Mitchell, W. H. ''The Liberty Ships: The History of the "Emergency" Type Cargo Ships Constructed in the United States During the Second World War,'' Second Edition, pp. 7, 36, 117-8, 219, Lloyd's of London Press Ltd., London, England, 1985. {{ISBN|1-85044-049-2}}.</ref>
'''SS ''Patrick Henry''''' was the first [[Liberty ship]] launched. It was built by the [[Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation]] at their [[Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard]] in [[Baltimore]], Maryland. She was named after [[Patrick Henry]], an [[United States|American]] attorney, planter, and orator best known for his declaration to the [[Second Virginia Convention]]: "[[Give me liberty, or give me death!]]" A [[Founding Fathers of the United States|Founding Father]], he served as the [[List of governors of Virginia|first and sixth]] post-colonial [[Governor of Virginia]], from 1776 to 1779 and from 1784 to 1786.


==Background==
==Background==
[[File:SS Patrick Henry launching on Liberty Fleet Day, 27 September 1941 (26580977380).jpg|300px|upright|right|thumb|''Patrick Henry'' launching on Liberty Fleet Day]]
[[File:SS Patrick Henry launching on Liberty Fleet Day, 27 September 1941 (26580977380).jpg|300px|upright|right|thumb|''Patrick Henry'' launching on Liberty Fleet Day]]
Liberty ships initially had a poor public image and to try to assuage public opinion, September 27, 1941 was designated [[Liberty Fleet Day (Victory Fleet Day)|Liberty Fleet Day]], and the first 14 "Emergency" vessels were launched that day. The first of these (with MC hull number 14) was ''Patrick Henry'', launched by President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]].<ref name="Sawyer, L. A pp. 7, 36"/> Other "Emergency" vessels launched that day, in various yards around the country included: {{SS|John C. Fremont}}, {{SS|Louise Lykes|1941|6}}, {{SS|Ocean Venture}}, {{SS|Ocean Voice}}, {{SS|Star of Oregon}}, and {{SS|Steel Artisan}}.<ref name="vindicatrix">{{cite web |url=http://www.vindicatrix.org/iconic%20ships/the%20patrick%20henry.pdf |title=The "Patrick Henry" |work=TS Vindicatrix Association : Iconic Ships |year=2010 |accessdate=13 May 2012}}</ref>
Liberty ships initially had a poor public image and to try to assuage public opinion, 27 September 1941, was designated [[Liberty Fleet Day (Victory Fleet Day)|Liberty Fleet Day]], and the first 14 "Emergency" vessels were launched that day. The first of these (with MC hull number 14) was ''Patrick Henry'', launched by President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]].{{sfn|Sawyer|Mitchell|1985|pp= 7, 36, 117-8, 219}} Other "Emergency" vessels launched that day, in various yards around the country included: {{SS|John C. Fremont}}, {{SS|Louise Lykes|1941|6}}, {{SS|Ocean Venture}}, {{SS|Ocean Voice}}, {{SS|Star of Oregon}}, and {{SS|Steel Artisan}}.{{sfn|Vindicatrix}}


==Launching==
==Launching==
In the speech delivered at the launching, Roosevelt referred to [[Patrick Henry]]'s "[[Give me Liberty, or give me Death!]]" speech of 23 March 1775. Roosevelt said that this new class of ships would bring liberty to Europe, which gave rise to the name "Liberty ship". ''Patrick Henry'' was sponsored by Ilo Browne Wallace, wife of Vice President [[Henry A. Wallace]], with Mrs. [[Robert H. Jackson]], wife of the Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, and Madame Bruggmann, wife of the Minister of Switzerland Karl Bruggmann and sister of the vice president. Ilo Wallace christened the ship. The ship's fitting was completed on December 30, 1941.<ref name="vindicatrix"/>
In the speech delivered at the launching, Roosevelt referred to [[Patrick Henry]]'s "[[Give me Liberty, or give me Death!]]" speech of 23 March 1775. Roosevelt said that this new class of ships would bring liberty to Europe, which gave rise to the name "Liberty ship". ''Patrick Henry'' was sponsored by [[Ilo Browne Wallace]], wife of Vice President [[Henry A. Wallace]], with Mrs. [[Robert H. Jackson]], wife of the Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, and Madame Bruggmann, wife of the Minister of Switzerland Karl Bruggmann and sister of the vice president. Ilo Wallace christened the ship. The ship's fitting was completed on December 30, 1941.{{sfn|Vindicatrix}}


==Service history==
==Service history==
Her maiden voyage was to the Middle East. During World War II she made 12 voyages to ports including Murmansk (as part of [[Convoy PQ 18]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/ports/index.html?search.php?vessel=PATRICK%20B%20HENRY~armain |title=Ports database |first=Arnold |last= Hague |work=convoyweb.org.uk |year=2009 |accessdate=13 May 2012}}</ref>), Trinidad, [[Cape Town]], Naples, and Dakar.<ref name="vindicatrix"/>
Her maiden voyage was to the Middle East. During World War II she made 12 voyages to ports including Murmansk (as part of [[Convoy PQ 18]]{{sfn|Hague|2009}}), Trinidad, [[Cape Town]], Naples, and Dakar.{{sfn|Vindicatrix}}


She survived the war, but was seriously damaged when she went aground on a reef off the coast of [[Florida]] in July 1946. The ship was laid up at [[Mobile, Alabama]], and was scrapped at Baltimore in 1958.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.mariners-l.co.uk/LibShipsP.html |title=Liberty Ships ("P") |work=mariners-l.co.uk |year=2011 |accessdate=13 May 2012}}</ref><ref>Sawyer, L. A. and Mitchell, W. H. ''The Liberty Ships: The History of the "Emergency" Type Cargo Ships Constructed in the United States During the Second World War,'' Second Edition, pp. 36, Lloyd's of London Press Ltd., London, England, 1985. {{ISBN|1-85044-049-2}}.</ref>
She survived the war, but was seriously damaged when she went aground on a reef off the coast of [[Florida]], {{coord|25|08|N|80|16|W|display=inline}}, in July 1946. The ship was laid up at [[National Defense Reserve Fleet]], [[Mobile, Alabama|Mobile]], Alabama. On 18 September 1958, she was sold to [[Bethlehem Steel]], for $76,191. She was withdrawn from the fleet on 22 October 1958, and was scrapped at Baltimore.{{sfn|MARAD}}{{sfn|Sawyer|Mitchell|1985|pp= 36}}{{sfn|Hague|2009}}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web
| url = http://shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/emergencylarge/bethfairfield.htm
| title = Bethlehem-Fairfield, Baltimore MD
| publisher = www.ShipbuildingHistory.com
| date = 14 August 2008
| accessdate = 13 February 2020
| ref = {{sfnRef|Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyards|2008}}
}}
* {{cite web
|url= https://vesselhistory.marad.dot.gov/ShipHistory/Detail/3790
|title=Patrick Henry
|author=Maritime Administration
|work=Ship History Database Vessel Status Card
|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration
|accessdate= 13 February 2020
|ref={{sfnref|MARAD}}
}}
* {{cite web
|last= Davies
|first= James
|url= http://www.ww2ships.com/acrobat/us-os-001-f-r00.pdf
|title= Specifications (As-Built)
|page=23
|date= May 2004
|accessdate= 13 February 2020
|ref= harv
}}
* {{cite web
|url= http://usmaritimecommission.de/query.php?datalist=1&typeofquery=Name%20of%20Ship&valueofquery=Patrick%20Henry&code=B0014a
|title= SS ''Patrick Henry''
|accessdate= 13 February 2020
|ref= {{sfnRef|MARCOM}}
}}
* {{cite web
|url=http://www.vindicatrix.org/iconic%20ships/the%20patrick%20henry.pdf
|title=The "Patrick Henry"
|work=TS Vindicatrix Association : Iconic Ships
|year=2010
|accessdate=13 May 2012
|ref= {{sfnRef|Vindicatrix}}
}}
* {{cite web
|url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/ports/index.html?search.php?vessel=PATRICK%20B%20HENRY~armain
|title=Ports database
|first=Arnold
|last= Hague
|work=convoyweb.org.uk
|year=2009
|accessdate=13 May 2012
|ref=harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last=Sawyer
|first=L. A.
|last2=Mitchell
|first2=W. H.
|title= ''The Liberty Ships: The History of the "Emergency" Type Cargo Ships Constructed in the United States During the Second World War,''
|edition= Second
|publisher= Lloyd's of London Press Ltd.
|location=[[London]], England
|year= 1985
|isbn= 1850440492
|ref= harv
}}
{{refend}}


==External links==
==External links==
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*[http://www.ssjeremiahobrien.org/visit.php Liberty Ship SS ''Jeremiah O'Brien''] Web site.
*[http://www.ssjeremiahobrien.org/visit.php Liberty Ship SS ''Jeremiah O'Brien''] Web site.
*[http://www.ssjohnwbrown.org/ Liberty Ship SS ''John W. Brown''] Web site.
*[http://www.ssjohnwbrown.org/ Liberty Ship SS ''John W. Brown''] Web site.

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{{Liberty ships P}}
{{Liberty ships P}}
{{Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyards}}
{{1946 shipwrecks}}
{{1946 shipwrecks}}


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[[Category:World War II merchant ships of the United States]]
[[Category:World War II merchant ships of the United States]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1946]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1946]]
[[Category:Mobile Reserve Fleet]]

Revision as of 14:15, 13 February 2020

Patrick Henry September 1941
History
United States
NamePatrick Henry
NamesakePatrick Henry
OwnerWar Shipping Administration (WSA)
OperatorLykes Brothers Steamship Co., Inc.
Orderedas type (EC2-S-C1) hull, MCE hull 14
Awarded14 March 1941
BuilderBethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard, Baltimore, Maryland[2]
Cost1,613,203[1]
Yard number2001
Way number1
Laid down30 April 1941
Launched27 September 1941
Sponsored byIlo Browne Wallace
Completed30 December 1941
Identification
Fate
StatusSold for scrapping, 18 September 1958, withdrawn from fleet, 22 October 1958
General characteristics [3]
Class and type
Tonnage
Displacement
Length
  • 441 feet 6 inches (135 m) oa
  • 416 feet (127 m) pp
  • 427 feet (130 m) lwl
Beam57 feet (17 m)
Draft27 ft 9.25 in (8.4646 m)
Installed power
  • 2 × Oil fired 450 °F (232 °C) boilers, operating at 220 psi (1,500 kPa)
  • 2,500 hp (1,900 kW)
Propulsion
Speed11.5 knots (21.3 km/h; 13.2 mph)
Capacity
  • 562,608 cubic feet (15,931 m3) (grain)
  • 499,573 cubic feet (14,146 m3) (bale)
Complement
Armament

SS Patrick Henry was the first Liberty ship launched. It was built by the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation at their Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard in Baltimore, Maryland. She was named after Patrick Henry, an American attorney, planter, and orator best known for his declaration to the Second Virginia Convention: "Give me liberty, or give me death!" A Founding Father, he served as the first and sixth post-colonial Governor of Virginia, from 1776 to 1779 and from 1784 to 1786.

Background

Patrick Henry launching on Liberty Fleet Day

Liberty ships initially had a poor public image and to try to assuage public opinion, 27 September 1941, was designated Liberty Fleet Day, and the first 14 "Emergency" vessels were launched that day. The first of these (with MC hull number 14) was Patrick Henry, launched by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.[4] Other "Emergency" vessels launched that day, in various yards around the country included: SS John C. Fremont, SS Louise Lykes, SS Ocean Venture, SS Ocean Voice, SS Star of Oregon, and SS Steel Artisan.[5]

Launching

In the speech delivered at the launching, Roosevelt referred to Patrick Henry's "Give me Liberty, or give me Death!" speech of 23 March 1775. Roosevelt said that this new class of ships would bring liberty to Europe, which gave rise to the name "Liberty ship". Patrick Henry was sponsored by Ilo Browne Wallace, wife of Vice President Henry A. Wallace, with Mrs. Robert H. Jackson, wife of the Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, and Madame Bruggmann, wife of the Minister of Switzerland Karl Bruggmann and sister of the vice president. Ilo Wallace christened the ship. The ship's fitting was completed on December 30, 1941.[5]

Service history

Her maiden voyage was to the Middle East. During World War II she made 12 voyages to ports including Murmansk (as part of Convoy PQ 18[6]), Trinidad, Cape Town, Naples, and Dakar.[5]

She survived the war, but was seriously damaged when she went aground on a reef off the coast of Florida, 25°08′N 80°16′W / 25.133°N 80.267°W / 25.133; -80.267, in July 1946. The ship was laid up at National Defense Reserve Fleet, Mobile, Alabama. On 18 September 1958, she was sold to Bethlehem Steel, for $76,191. She was withdrawn from the fleet on 22 October 1958, and was scrapped at Baltimore.[7][8][6]

References

  1. ^ a b MARCOM.
  2. ^ Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyards 2008.
  3. ^ Davies 2004, p. 23.
  4. ^ Sawyer & Mitchell 1985, pp. 7, 36, 117–8, 219.
  5. ^ a b c Vindicatrix.
  6. ^ a b Hague 2009.
  7. ^ MARAD.
  8. ^ Sawyer & Mitchell 1985, pp. 36.

Bibliography

  • "Bethlehem-Fairfield, Baltimore MD". www.ShipbuildingHistory.com. 14 August 2008. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
  • Maritime Administration. "Patrick Henry". Ship History Database Vessel Status Card. U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
  • Davies, James (May 2004). "Specifications (As-Built)" (PDF). p. 23. Retrieved 13 February 2020. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • "SS Patrick Henry". Retrieved 13 February 2020.
  • "The "Patrick Henry"" (PDF). TS Vindicatrix Association : Iconic Ships. 2010. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
  • Hague, Arnold (2009). "Ports database". convoyweb.org.uk. Retrieved 13 May 2012. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Sawyer, L. A.; Mitchell, W. H. (1985). The Liberty Ships: The History of the "Emergency" Type Cargo Ships Constructed in the United States During the Second World War, (Second ed.). London, England: Lloyd's of London Press Ltd. ISBN 1850440492. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Patrick Henry (ship, 1941).


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