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{{Short description|Polish single-seat glider, 1954}}
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
| name='''SZD-14x Jaskólka M'''
|name=SZD-14x Jaskółka M
| image=
|image=SZD-14 Jaskółka M.png
| caption=
|caption=
}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type
}}{{Infobox aircraft type
| type= [[Glider]]
|type= [[Glider aircraft]]
| national origin=[[Poland]]
|national origin=[[Poland]]
| manufacturer= [[PZL Bielsko]]
|manufacturer=[[Szybowcowy Zakład Doświadczalny|SZD]]<br />Władysław Okarmus
| designer= Władysław Okarmus & Tadeusz Kosti M.Sc.
|designer=Tadeusz Kostia
| first flight= 23rd July {{avyear|1954}}
|first flight=23 July 1954
|number built=1
| introduced=
|developed from=[[SZD-8 Jaskółka]]
| retired=
|developed fronote=<ref name="SZD-14x"/>}}
| status=
| primary user=
| number built= 1
| developed from= [[SZD-8bis Jaskółka]]
| variants with their own articles=

}}
|}
|}

The '''SZD-14x Jaskólka M''' (''Szybowcowym Zakladzie Doświadczalnym'' - Szybowcowym experimental department) was a single-seat glider designed and built in [[Poland]] from 1951.
The '''SZD-14X Jaskółka M''' was a single-seat glider designed and built in [[Poland]] at ''[[Szybowcowy Zakład Doświadczalny]]'' - Glider Experimental Works in [[Bielsko-Biała]] in 1954. This was an experimental prototype, and only one unit was constructed.<ref name="SZD-14x">{{cite web |url=http://www.piotrp.de/SZYBOWCE/pszd14.htm |title=SZD-14x Jaskółka M (PL) |website=www.piotrp.de |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030731222926/http://www.piotrp.de/SZYBOWCE/pszd14.htm |archive-date=2003-07-31}} </ref>
== Development ==

The SZD-14x Jaskólka M was developed from the SZD-8bis Jaskółka for research into the construction control and characteristics of 'V' or butterfly tail surfaces. Using the airframe of the second prototype SZD-8 a 'V; tail was added to the rear fuselage, with arrangenments for the balnce of the surfaces and the angle between them to be adjusted as required. Flown by Adam Dziurzyński at Bielsko the SZD-14 was found to be easy to fly with no vices,giving no indication that the tail layout was uinconventional. Up to the time of the SZD-14's debut the 'V' tail system was very rare with few aircraft using the system devised by Eng. Rudlickiego, and demonstrated on a [[Hanriot]] bi-plane in the early 1930's.
==Development==
<!-- ==Operational history== -->
The SZD-14X Jaskółka M was developed from the [[SZD-8 Jaskółka|SZD-8bis Jaskółka]] (''Swallow'') for research into the construction, control and characteristics of [[V-tail|'V' or butterfly tail]] surfaces.<ref name="1945-1965">Simons, Martin. Sailplanes 1945-1965 2nd revised ed. EQIP Werbung und Verlag G.m.b.H.. Königswinter. 2006. {{ISBN|3-9807977-4-0}}</ref> Using the airframe of the second prototype SZD-8 a 'V' tail was added to the rear fuselage, with arrangements for the balance of the surfaces and the angle between them to be adjusted as required.<ref name="SZD-14x"/> The designer was Tadeusz Kostia, the constructor was [[Władysław Okarmus]].<ref name=bab>Babiejczuk, Grzegorzewski. ''Polski przemysł lotniczy 1945-1973'', p. 120</ref>
<!-- == Variants == -->

<!-- ==Operators (choose)== -->
First flown by [[Adam Zientek]] at Bielsko on 23 July 1954,<ref name="bab"/> the SZD-14 was found to be easy to fly with no vices, giving no indication that the tail layout was unconventional.<ref name="SZD-14x"/> During spinning tests the rear fuselage was almost torn off, but the pilot (Dziurzyński) managed to regain control and recovered the aircraft to land safely.<ref name="1945-1965"/>
==Specifications (SZD-14x Jaskólka M)==

{{aerospecs
Up to the time of the SZD-14's debut, the 'V' tail system was rare, with few aircraft using the system devised by Eng. [[Jerzy Rudlicki]] and demonstrated on a licence-built [[Hanriot HD.14]] biplane in the early 1930s.<ref name="Cynk, Jerzy B">Cynk, Jerzy B.. “Polish Aircraft 1893–1939”. London, Putnam. 1971. {{ISBN|0-370-00085-4}}</ref>

==Specifications (SZD-14x Jaskółka M)==
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=http://www.piotrp.de/SZYBOWCE/pszd14.htm
|ref=http://www.piotrp.de/SZYBOWCE/pszd14.htm
|prime units? = met
|met or eng?=<!-- eng for US/UK aircraft, met for all others. You MUST include one or the other here, or no specifications will show -->met
|crew=1
|crew=1
|length m=6.48
|capacity=
|length m= 6.48
|length ft=21
|length ft= 21
|length in=3
|length in=3
|span m= 16
|span m=16
|span ft= 52
|span ft=52
|span in= 6
|span in=6
|height m=1.3
|swept m=<!-- swing-wings -->
|swept ft=<!-- swing-wings -->
|swept in=<!-- swing-wings -->
|rot number=<!-- helicopters -->
|rot dia m=<!-- helicopters -->
|rot dia ft=<!-- helicopters -->
|rot dia in=<!-- helicopters -->
|dia m=<!-- airships etc -->
|dia ft=<!-- airships etc -->
|dia in=<!-- airships etc -->
|width m=<!-- if applicable -->
|width ft=<!-- if applicable -->
|width in=<!-- if applicable -->
|height m= 1.3
|height ft=4
|height ft=4
|height in=3
|height in=3
|wing area sqm= 13.6
|wing area sqm=13.6
|wing area sqft= 146.4
|wing area sqft=146
|aspect ratio=18.8
|swept area sqm=<!-- swing-wings -->
|airfoil=NACA 23012A
|swept area sqft=<!-- swing-wings -->
|empty weight kg=288
|rot area sqm=<!-- helicopters -->
|empty weight lb=635
|rot area sqft=<!-- helicopters -->
|gross weight kg=373
|volume m3=<!-- lighter-than-air -->
|gross weight lb=822
|volume ft3=<!-- lighter-than-air -->
|max speed kmh=250
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes--> 18.8:1
|max speed mph=155
|wing profile=<!-- sailplane --> NACA 23012A
|max speed kts=135
|empty weight kg= 288
|stall speed kmh=59
|empty weight lb= 635
|stall speed mph=37
|gross weight kg= 373
|stall speed kts=32
|gross weight lb= 822.3
|glide ratio=26.3 at 80 km/h (43 kts/50 mph)
|lift kg=<!-- lighter-than-air -->
|sink rate ms=0.7
|lift lb=<!-- lighter-than-air -->
|sink rate ftmin=138

|sink rate note=at 69 km/h (43 mph/37 kts)
|eng1 number=
|eng1 type=
|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 hp=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 kn=<!-- jet/rocket engines -->
|eng1 lbf=<!-- jet/rocket engines -->
|eng1 kn-ab=<!-- afterburners -->
|eng1 lbf-ab=<!-- afterburners -->
|eng2 number=
|eng2 type=
|eng2 kw=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng2 hp=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng2 kn=<!-- jet/rocket engines -->
|eng2 lbf=<!-- jet/rocket engines -->
|eng2 kn-ab=<!-- afterburners -->
|eng2 lbf-ab=<!-- afterburners -->
|max speed kmh= 250
|max speed mph= 155
|max speed kts= 135
|max speed mach=<!-- supersonic aircraft -->
|cruise speed kmh=<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|cruise speed mph=<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|stall speed kmh=<!-- aerobatic and STOL aircraft -->59
|stall speed mph=<!-- aerobatic and STOL aircraft -->36.66
|stall speed kts=<!-- aerobatic and STOL aircraft -->31.86
|range km=
|range miles=
|endurance h=<!-- if range unknown -->
|endurance min=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=
|ceiling ft=
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic aircraft -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic aircraft -->
|glide ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->26.3 @ 80 km/h (43.2 kts / 49.7 mph)
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ftmin=
|sink rate ms=<!-- sailplanes -->0.7
|sink rate ftmin=<!-- sailplanes -->
|Min sink speed km/h= 69
|Min sink speed mph= 42.9
|Min sink speed kts= 37.25
|armament1=
|armament2=
|armament3=
|armament4=
|armament5=
|armament6=
}}
}}


==See also==
==See also==
{{aircontent
{{aircontent
|related=
<!-- include as many lines are appropriate. additional lines/entries with carriage return. -->
*[[SZD-8 Jaskółka]]
|see also=
*[[SZD-17X Jaskółka L]]
|related=<!-- related developments -->
|similar aircraft=<!-- similar or comparable aircraft -->
|similar aircraft=
* [[Standard Austria]]
*[[Standard Austria]]}}
|lists=<!-- related lists -->
* [[List of aircraft]]
* [[List of gliders]]
}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
* Taylor, J. H. (ed) (1989) ''Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation''. Studio Editions: London. p. 29
*Taylor, J. H. (ed) (1989) ''Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation''. Studio Editions: London. p.&nbsp;29
*Cynk, Jerzy B.. “Polish Aircraft 1893–1939”. London, Putnam. 1971. {{ISBN|0-370-00085-4}}

*Simons, Martin. Sailplanes 1945-1965 2nd revised edition. EQIP Werbung und Verlag G.m.b.H.. Königswinter. 2006. {{ISBN|3-9807977-4-0}}
{{refbegin}}
*{{in lang|pl}} Babiejczuk, Janusz and Grzegorzewski, Jerzy. ''Polski przemysł lotniczy 1945-1973'' [Polish aerospace industry 1945-1973]. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo MON, 1974
{{refend}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category|SZD-14 Jaskółka M}}
* http://www.piotrp.de/SZYBOWCE/pszd14.htm
*http://www.piotrp.de/SZYBOWCE/pszd14.htm
{{Aviation lists}}
{{Polish gliders}}
[[Category:Aircraft]]

[[Category:Glider aircraft]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:SZD-14x Jaskolka M}}
[[Category:1950s Polish sailplanes]]
[[Category:SZD aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1954]]
[[Category:V-tail aircraft]]

Latest revision as of 12:49, 20 August 2022

SZD-14x Jaskółka M
Role Glider aircraft
National origin Poland
Manufacturer SZD
Władysław Okarmus
Designer Tadeusz Kostia
First flight 23 July 1954
Number built 1
Developed from SZD-8 Jaskółka

The SZD-14X Jaskółka M was a single-seat glider designed and built in Poland at Szybowcowy Zakład Doświadczalny - Glider Experimental Works in Bielsko-Biała in 1954. This was an experimental prototype, and only one unit was constructed.[1]

Development[edit]

The SZD-14X Jaskółka M was developed from the SZD-8bis Jaskółka (Swallow) for research into the construction, control and characteristics of 'V' or butterfly tail surfaces.[2] Using the airframe of the second prototype SZD-8 a 'V' tail was added to the rear fuselage, with arrangements for the balance of the surfaces and the angle between them to be adjusted as required.[1] The designer was Tadeusz Kostia, the constructor was Władysław Okarmus.[3]

First flown by Adam Zientek at Bielsko on 23 July 1954,[3] the SZD-14 was found to be easy to fly with no vices, giving no indication that the tail layout was unconventional.[1] During spinning tests the rear fuselage was almost torn off, but the pilot (Dziurzyński) managed to regain control and recovered the aircraft to land safely.[2]

Up to the time of the SZD-14's debut, the 'V' tail system was rare, with few aircraft using the system devised by Eng. Jerzy Rudlicki and demonstrated on a licence-built Hanriot HD.14 biplane in the early 1930s.[4]

Specifications (SZD-14x Jaskółka M)[edit]

Data from http://www.piotrp.de/SZYBOWCE/pszd14.htm

General characteristics

  • Crew: 1
  • Length: 6.48 m (21 ft 3 in)
  • Wingspan: 16 m (52 ft 6 in)
  • Height: 1.3 m (4 ft 3 in)
  • Wing area: 13.6 m2 (146 sq ft)
  • Aspect ratio: 18.8
  • Airfoil: NACA 23012A
  • Empty weight: 288 kg (635 lb)
  • Gross weight: 373 kg (822 lb)

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 250 km/h (155 mph, 135 kn)
  • Stall speed: 59 km/h (37 mph, 32 kn)
  • Maximum glide ratio: 26.3 at 80 km/h (43 kts/50 mph)
  • Rate of sink: 0.70 m/s (138 ft/min) at 69 km/h (43 mph/37 kts)

See also[edit]

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c "SZD-14x Jaskółka M (PL)". www.piotrp.de. Archived from the original on 2003-07-31.
  2. ^ a b Simons, Martin. Sailplanes 1945-1965 2nd revised ed. EQIP Werbung und Verlag G.m.b.H.. Königswinter. 2006. ISBN 3-9807977-4-0
  3. ^ a b Babiejczuk, Grzegorzewski. Polski przemysł lotniczy 1945-1973, p. 120
  4. ^ Cynk, Jerzy B.. “Polish Aircraft 1893–1939”. London, Putnam. 1971. ISBN 0-370-00085-4
  • Taylor, J. H. (ed) (1989) Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. Studio Editions: London. p. 29
  • Cynk, Jerzy B.. “Polish Aircraft 1893–1939”. London, Putnam. 1971. ISBN 0-370-00085-4
  • Simons, Martin. Sailplanes 1945-1965 2nd revised edition. EQIP Werbung und Verlag G.m.b.H.. Königswinter. 2006. ISBN 3-9807977-4-0
  • (in Polish) Babiejczuk, Janusz and Grzegorzewski, Jerzy. Polski przemysł lotniczy 1945-1973 [Polish aerospace industry 1945-1973]. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo MON, 1974

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to SZD-14 Jaskółka M.
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