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{{Short description|Genus of amphibians}}
{{automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Telmatobius.jpg
| image = Telmatobius.jpg
| image_caption = ''Telmatobius'' species from altiplan lakes in northern Chile.
| image_caption = ''Telmatobius'' species from altiplano lakes in northern Chile.
| display_parents = 4
| taxon = Telmatobius
| taxon = Telmatobius
| authority = [[Arend Friedrich August Wiegmann|Wiegmann]], 1834
| authority = [[Arend Friedrich August Wiegmann|Wiegmann]], 1834
| parent_authority = [[Leopold Fitzinger|Fitzinger]], 1843
| parent_authority = [[Leopold Fitzinger|Fitzinger]], 1843
| diversity = 62 species (see [[#Species|text]])
| diversity = 63 species (see [[#Species|text]])
| synonyms = ''Batrachophrynus'' <small>Peters, 1873</small>
| synonyms = ''Batrachophrynus'' <small>Peters, 1873</small>
}}
}}

'''''Telmatobius''''' is a [[genus]] of frogs native to the [[Andean]] highlands in [[South America]], where they are found in [[Ecuador]], [[Peru]], [[Bolivia]], northwestern [[Argentina]] and northern [[Chile]].<ref name=frost>{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Telmatobiidae/Telmatobius |title=''Telmatobius'' Wiegmann, 1834 |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2015 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |accessdate=23 May 2015}}</ref> It is the only genus in the family [[Telmatobiidae]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Telmatobiidae |title=Telmatobiidae Fitzinger, 1843 |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2015 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |accessdate=23 May 2015}}</ref> However, some sources recognize ''[[Batrachophrynus]]'' as a valid genus, different from ''Telmatobius''.<ref name=Blackburn2011>{{cite journal|author1=Blackburn, D.C. |author2=Wake, D.B. | title=Class Amphibia Gray, 1825. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness | journal=Zootaxa| volume=3148| year=2011| pages=39–55| url=http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/zt03148p055.pdf}}</ref><ref name=AmphibiaWeb>{{cite web |url=http://amphibiaweb.org/lists/Telmatobiidae.shtml |title=Telmatobiidae |year=2015 |work=AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application] |publisher=Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb |accessdate=23 May 2015}}</ref>
'''''Telmatobius''''' is a [[genus]] of frogs native to the [[Andean]] highlands in South America, where they are found in Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, northwestern Argentina and northern Chile.<ref name=frost>{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Telmatobiidae/Telmatobius |title=''Telmatobius'' Wiegmann, 1834 |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2017 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |access-date=9 February 2017}}</ref> It is the only genus in the family '''Telmatobiidae'''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Telmatobiidae |title=Telmatobiidae Fitzinger, 1843 |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2015 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |access-date=23 May 2015}}</ref> Some sources recognize ''Batrachophrynus'' as a valid genus distinct from ''Telmatobius''.<ref name=Blackburn2011>{{cite journal|author1=Blackburn, D.C. |author2=Wake, D.B. | title=Class Amphibia Gray, 1825. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness | journal=Zootaxa| volume=3148| year=2011| pages=39–55|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.8 | url=http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/zt03148p055.pdf}}</ref><ref name=AmphibiaWeb>{{cite web |url=http://amphibiaweb.org/lists/Telmatobiidae.shtml |title=Telmatobiidae |year=2015 |work=AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application] |publisher=Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb |access-date=23 May 2015}}</ref>


==Ecology and conservation==
==Ecology and conservation==
All ''Telmatobius'' species are closely associated with water and most species are semi-aquatic, while a few are entirely [[Aquatic animal|aquatic]].<ref name=Angulo2008>Angulo, A. (2008). Conservation Needs of Batrachophrynus and Telmatobius Frogs of the Andes of Peru. Conservation & Society 6(4): 328-333. [[DOI: 10.4103/0972-4923.49196]]</ref> They are found in and near lakes, rivers and wetlands in the [[Andean]] highlands at altitudes between {{convert|1000|and(-)|5200|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref>Victoriano, Muñoz-Mendoza, Sáez, Salinas, Muñoz-Ramírez, Sallaberry, Fibla and Méndez (2015). ''Evolution and Conservation on Top of the World: Phylogeography of the Marbled Water Frog (Telmatobius marmoratus Species Complex; Anura, Telmatobiidae) in Protected Areas of Chile.'' J.Hered. 106 (S1): 546-559. [[DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esv039]]</ref> The genus includes two of the world's largest fully aquatic frogs, the [[Lake Junin frog]] (''T. macrostomus'') and [[Titicaca water frog]] (''T. culeus''),<ref name=Halliday>Halliday, T. (2016). ''The Book of Frogs: A Life-Size Guide to Six Hundred Species from around the World.'' University Of Chicago Press. {{ISBN|978-0226184654}}</ref> but the remaining are considerably smaller. In terms of tadpoles, the species with the largest tadpoles tend to be in higher elevated streams and lakes. This includes the species ''T. culeus'', ''T. macrostomus'', ''T. mayoloi'', and ''T. gigas''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barrionuevo |first=J. Sebastián |date=September 2018 |title=Growth and cranial development in the Andean frogs of the genus Telmatobius (Anura: Telmatobiidae): Exploring the relation of heterochrony and skeletal diversity |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmor.20855 |journal=Journal of Morphology |language=en |volume=279 |issue=9 |pages=1269–1281 |doi=10.1002/jmor.20855 |issn=0362-2525|hdl=11336/96454 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> ''Telmatobius'' contains more than 60 species; the vast majority seriously [[Threatened species|threatened]], especially from [[habitat loss]], pollution, diseases ([[chytridiomycosis]] and [[nematode infection]]s), [[Introduced species|introduced]] [[trout]], and capture for human consumption.<ref name=Angulo2008/><ref name=ThreatenedAmphib>Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani and Young, editors (2008). ''Threatened Amphibians of the World.'' {{ISBN|978-84-96553-41-5}}</ref>
All species are closely associated with water and some are entirely [[Aquatic animal|aquatic]]. It contains more than 50 species; the vast majority seriously [[Threatened species|threatened]], especially from [[habitat loss]], pollution, diseases ([[chytridiomycosis]] and [[nematode infection]]s) and capture for human consumption.<ref name=Angulo>Angulo (2009). ''[http://www.ibcperu.org/doc/isis/10839.pdf Conservation Needs of Batrachophrynus and Telmatobius Frogs of the Andes of Peru.]'' Conservation and Society. 6(4): 328-333.</ref><ref name=ThreatenedAmphib>Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani and Young, editors (2008). ''Threatened Amphibians of the World.'' ISBN 978-84-96553-41-5</ref> The huge [[Titicaca water frog]] (''T. culeus''), made famous by [[Jacques Cousteau]], also faces these risks. The three Ecuadorian species have not been seen for years and may already be extinct: ''[[Telmatobius cirrhacelis|T. cirrhacelis]]'' last seen in 1981, ''[[Telmatobius niger|T. niger]]'' in 1994 and ''[[Telmatobius vellardi|T. vellardi]]'' in 1987.<ref name=Angulo/><ref name=ThreatenedAmphib/>

The three Ecuadorian species have not been seen for years and may already be extinct: ''[[Telmatobius cirrhacelis|T. cirrhacelis]]'' last seen in 1981, ''[[Telmatobius niger|T. niger]]'' in 1994 and ''[[Telmatobius vellardi|T. vellardi]]'' in 1987.<ref name=Angulo2008/><ref name=ThreatenedAmphib/> Similarly, seven of the fifteen species in Bolivia have not been seen for years.<ref name=Mayer2019>{{cite web | author=Mayer, L.R. | date=14 February 2019 | title=A Tale Of Two Frogs (And Some Of The Biologists Who Love Them) | url=https://www.globalwildlife.org/blog/a-tale-of-two-frogs-and-some-of-the-biologists-who-love-them/ | publisher=Global Wildlife Conservation | access-date=24 January 2020 }}</ref> However, some might still be rediscovered: the Bolivian ''[[Sehuencas water frog|T. yuracare]]'' had not been seen in the wild in a decade and there was only a single captive male. A few wild individuals were located in 2019, thus ending the captive male's informal status as an [[endling]] (last survivor of the species).<ref name=Mayer2019/>


== Species ==
== Species ==
There are currently 63 species recognized in the genus ''Telmatobius'',<ref name=frost/> but the validity of some species is questionable and it is likely that [[undescribed species]] remain.<ref>De la Riva (2005). Bolivian frogs of the genus Telmatobius: synopsis, taxonomic comments, and description of a new species. Monogr. Herpetol. 7:65-101.</ref><ref>Sáez, Fibla, Correa, Sallaberry, Salinas, Veloso, Mella, Iturra, and Méndez (2014). ''A new endemic lineage of the Andean frog genus Telmatobius (Anura, Telmatobiidae) from the western slopes of the central Andes.'' Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 171: 769–782.</ref>
There are 62 ''Telmatobius'' species:<ref name=frost/>

{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
{{Columns-list|colwidth=25em|
* ''[[Telmatobius achachila]]'' <small>Gómez et al., 2024</small>
* ''[[Telmatobius arequipensis]]'' <small>Vellard, 1955</small>
* ''[[Telmatobius arequipensis]]'' <small>Vellard, 1955</small>
* ''[[Telmatobius atacamensis]]'' <small>Gallardo, 1962</small>
* ''[[Telmatobius atacamensis]]'' <small>Gallardo, 1962</small>
Line 30: Line 37:
* ''[[Telmatobius contrerasi]]'' <small>Cei, 1977</small>
* ''[[Telmatobius contrerasi]]'' <small>Cei, 1977</small>
* ''[[Telmatobius culeus]]'' <small>(Garman, 1876)</small>
* ''[[Telmatobius culeus]]'' <small>(Garman, 1876)</small>
* ''[[Telmatobius dankoi]]'' <small>Formas, Northland, Capetillo, Nuñez, Cuevas, and Brieva, 1999</small>
* ''[[Telmatobius dankoi]]'' <small>Formas et al., 1999</small>
* ''[[Telmatobius degener]]'' <small>Wiens, 1993</small>
* ''[[Telmatobius degener]]'' <small>Wiens, 1993</small>
* ''[[Telmatobius edaphonastes]]'' <small>De la Riva, 1995</small>
* ''[[Telmatobius edaphonastes]]'' <small>De la Riva, 1995</small>
Line 45: Line 52:
* ''[[Telmatobius intermedius]]'' <small>Vellard, 1951</small>
* ''[[Telmatobius intermedius]]'' <small>Vellard, 1951</small>
* ''[[Telmatobius jelskii]]'' <small>(Peters, 1873)</small>
* ''[[Telmatobius jelskii]]'' <small>(Peters, 1873)</small>
* ''[[Telmatobius laevis]]'' <small>Philippi, 1902</small>
* ''[[Telmatobius laticeps]]'' <small>Laurent, 1977</small>
* ''[[Telmatobius laticeps]]'' <small>Laurent, 1977</small>
* ''[[Telmatobius latirostris]]'' <small>Vellard, 1951</small>
* ''[[Telmatobius latirostris]]'' <small>Vellard, 1951</small>
* ''[[Telmatobius macrostomus]]'' <small>(Peters, 1873)</small>
* ''[[Telmatobius macrostomus]]'' <small>(Peters, 1873)</small>
* ''[[Telmatobius mantaro]]'' <small>Ttito et al., 2016</small>
* ''[[Telmatobius marmoratus]]'' <small>(Duméril and Bibron, 1841)</small>
* ''[[Telmatobius marmoratus]]'' <small>(Duméril and Bibron, 1841)</small>
* ''[[Telmatobius mayoloi]]'' <small>Salas and Sinsch, 1996</small>
* ''[[Telmatobius mayoloi]]'' <small>Salas and Sinsch, 1996</small>
Line 77: Line 86:
* ''[[Telmatobius vilamensis]]'' <small>Formas, Benavides, and Cuevas, 2003</small>
* ''[[Telmatobius vilamensis]]'' <small>Formas, Benavides, and Cuevas, 2003</small>
* ''[[Telmatobius yuracare]]'' <small>De la Riva, 1994</small>
* ''[[Telmatobius yuracare]]'' <small>De la Riva, 1994</small>
* ''[[Telmatobius zapahuirensis]]'' <small>Veloso, Sallaberry-Ayerza, Navarro, Iturra-Constant, Valencia, Penna, and Diaz, 1982</small>
}}
}}



==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Portal|Andes}}
⚫
{{Commons category|Telmatobius}}
{{Wikispecies|Telmatobius}}
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4498281.stm BBC News 4/29/05]
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4498281.stm BBC News 4/29/05]
*[http://www.itis.usda.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=all&search_value=Telmatobius&search_kingdom=every&search_span=exactly_for&categories=All&source=html&search_credRating=All ITIS Report] [[ITIS]]


{{Taxonbar|from=Q2702463}}
⚫
{{wikispecies|Telmatobius}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Telmatobius| ]]
[[Category:Telmatobius| ]]
[[Category:Amphibians of South America]]
[[Category:Amphibians of South America]]
[[Category:Amphibian genera]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Arend Friedrich August Wiegmann]]

Latest revision as of 05:48, 29 April 2024

Telmatobius
Telmatobius species from altiplano lakes in northern Chile.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Suborder: Neobatrachia
Superfamily: Hyloidea
Family: Telmatobiidae
Fitzinger, 1843
Genus: Telmatobius
Wiegmann, 1834
Diversity
63 species (see text)
Synonyms

Batrachophrynus Peters, 1873

Telmatobius is a genus of frogs native to the Andean highlands in South America, where they are found in Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, northwestern Argentina and northern Chile.[1] It is the only genus in the family Telmatobiidae.[2] Some sources recognize Batrachophrynus as a valid genus distinct from Telmatobius.[3][4]

Ecology and conservation[edit]

All Telmatobius species are closely associated with water and most species are semi-aquatic, while a few are entirely aquatic.[5] They are found in and near lakes, rivers and wetlands in the Andean highlands at altitudes between 1,000 and 5,200 m (3,300–17,100 ft).[6] The genus includes two of the world's largest fully aquatic frogs, the Lake Junin frog (T. macrostomus) and Titicaca water frog (T. culeus),[7] but the remaining are considerably smaller. In terms of tadpoles, the species with the largest tadpoles tend to be in higher elevated streams and lakes. This includes the species T. culeus, T. macrostomus, T. mayoloi, and T. gigas.[8] Telmatobius contains more than 60 species; the vast majority seriously threatened, especially from habitat loss, pollution, diseases (chytridiomycosis and nematode infections), introduced trout, and capture for human consumption.[5][9]

The three Ecuadorian species have not been seen for years and may already be extinct: T. cirrhacelis last seen in 1981, T. niger in 1994 and T. vellardi in 1987.[5][9] Similarly, seven of the fifteen species in Bolivia have not been seen for years.[10] However, some might still be rediscovered: the Bolivian T. yuracare had not been seen in the wild in a decade and there was only a single captive male. A few wild individuals were located in 2019, thus ending the captive male's informal status as an endling (last survivor of the species).[10]

Species[edit]

There are currently 63 species recognized in the genus Telmatobius,[1] but the validity of some species is questionable and it is likely that undescribed species remain.[11][12]


References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Frost, Darrel R. (2017). "Telmatobius Wiegmann, 1834". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 9 February 2017.
  2. ^ Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Telmatobiidae Fitzinger, 1843". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
  3. ^ Blackburn, D.C.; Wake, D.B. (2011). "Class Amphibia Gray, 1825. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3148: 39–55. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.8.
  4. ^ "Telmatobiidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2015. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
  5. ^ a b c Angulo, A. (2008). Conservation Needs of Batrachophrynus and Telmatobius Frogs of the Andes of Peru. Conservation & Society 6(4): 328-333. DOI: 10.4103/0972-4923.49196
  6. ^ Victoriano, Muñoz-Mendoza, Sáez, Salinas, Muñoz-Ramírez, Sallaberry, Fibla and Méndez (2015). Evolution and Conservation on Top of the World: Phylogeography of the Marbled Water Frog (Telmatobius marmoratus Species Complex; Anura, Telmatobiidae) in Protected Areas of Chile. J.Hered. 106 (S1): 546-559. DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esv039
  7. ^ Halliday, T. (2016). The Book of Frogs: A Life-Size Guide to Six Hundred Species from around the World. University Of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0226184654
  8. ^ Barrionuevo, J. Sebastián (September 2018). "Growth and cranial development in the Andean frogs of the genus Telmatobius (Anura: Telmatobiidae): Exploring the relation of heterochrony and skeletal diversity". Journal of Morphology. 279 (9): 1269–1281. doi:10.1002/jmor.20855. hdl:11336/96454. ISSN 0362-2525.
  9. ^ a b Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani and Young, editors (2008). Threatened Amphibians of the World. ISBN 978-84-96553-41-5
  10. ^ a b Mayer, L.R. (14 February 2019). "A Tale Of Two Frogs (And Some Of The Biologists Who Love Them)". Global Wildlife Conservation. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
  11. ^ De la Riva (2005). Bolivian frogs of the genus Telmatobius: synopsis, taxonomic comments, and description of a new species. Monogr. Herpetol. 7:65-101.
  12. ^ Sáez, Fibla, Correa, Sallaberry, Salinas, Veloso, Mella, Iturra, and Méndez (2014). A new endemic lineage of the Andean frog genus Telmatobius (Anura, Telmatobiidae) from the western slopes of the central Andes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 171: 769–782.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Telmatobius.
Wikispecies has information related to Telmatobius.
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