Ventrata

Ventrata
	Paramecium caudatum
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Clade:	Diaphoretickes
Clade:	SAR
Clade:	Alveolata
Phylum:	Ciliophora
Subphylum:	Intramacronucleata
Infraphylum:	Ventrata; Cavalier-Smith 2004
Classes
	Phyllopharyngea; Colpodea; Nassophorea; Prostomatea; Plagiopylea; Oligohymenophorea;

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Ventrata is an infraphylum of ciliates inside the subphylum Intramacronucleata that unites the classes Phyllopharyngea, Colpodea, Nassophorea, Prostomatea, Plagiopylea and Oligohymenophorea.^[1] It is equivalent to the clade CONthreeP or Conthreep recovered by phylogenetic analyses.^[2]

Description

Members of this taxon are characterized by having, ancestrally, a ventral cytopharynx,^[1] as the name suggests.

Phylogeny

The monophyly of CONthreeP is well supported, being placed as sister to Protocruziea.^[2] The order Discotrichida, belonging to class Nassophorea, has been recovered as the earliest branch of the clade.^[2]

Protocruziea

Ventrata

Discotrichida (Nassophorea)

Colpodea

	Nassophorea

	Phyllopharyngea

Oligohymenophorea

	Prostomatea

	Plagiopylea

CONthreeP

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2004). "Chromalveolate Diversity and Cell Megaevolution: Interplay of Membranes, Genomes and Cytoskeleton". In Hirt, Robert P.; Horner, David S. (eds.). Organelles, Genomes and Eukaryote Phylogeny: An Evolutionary Synthesis in the Age of Genomics. Systematics Association Special Volumes Series. Vol. 68 (1st ed.). CRC Press. pp. 75–108. doi:10.1201/9780203508930. ISBN 0415299047.
^ ^a ^b ^c Gao, Feng; Warren, Alan; Zhang, Qianqian; Gong, Jun; Miao, Miao; Sun, Ping; Xu, Dapeng; Huang, Jie; Yi, Zhenzhen (2016-04-29). "The All-Data-Based Evolutionary Hypothesis of Ciliated Protists with a Revised Classification of the Phylum Ciliophora (Eukaryota, Alveolata)". Scientific Reports. 6: 24874. Bibcode:2016NatSR...624874G. doi:10.1038/srep24874. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4850378. PMID 27126745.

[CavSmith2004-1] Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2004). "Chromalveolate Diversity and Cell Megaevolution: Interplay of Membranes, Genomes and Cytoskeleton". In Hirt, Robert P.; Horner, David S. (eds.). Organelles, Genomes and Eukaryote Phylogeny: An Evolutionary Synthesis in the Age of Genomics. Systematics Association Special Volumes Series. Vol. 68 (1st ed.). CRC Press. pp. 75–108. doi:10.1201/9780203508930. ISBN 0415299047.

[Gao2016-2] Gao, Feng; Warren, Alan; Zhang, Qianqian; Gong, Jun; Miao, Miao; Sun, Ping; Xu, Dapeng; Huang, Jie; Yi, Zhenzhen (2016-04-29). "The All-Data-Based Evolutionary Hypothesis of Ciliated Protists with a Revised Classification of the Phylum Ciliophora (Eukaryota, Alveolata)". Scientific Reports. 6: 24874. Bibcode:2016NatSR...624874G. doi:10.1038/srep24874. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4850378. PMID 27126745.

[1]

[2]