Prostomatea

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Prostomatea
Barrel animals (Coleps)

Barrel animals ( Coleps )

Systematics
without rank: Sar
without rank: Alveolata
without rank: Ciliates (ciliophora)
without rank: Intramacronucleata
without rank: Conthreep
without rank: Prostomatea
Scientific name
Prostomatea
Schewiakoff , 1896

Prostomatea are a group within the Ciliophora , classically they were classified as one class. Prostomatea occur both terrestrially and in fresh and salt water. Most of the species within the group feed on other ciliates .

features

Although the Prostomatea group covers a size range from under 20 µm ( Urotricha ) to a few hundred µm ( Holophrya ), the variety of shapes is limited. Prostomata are egg-shaped to barrel-shaped with an apical or subapical cytostome (cell mouth), often one or more caudal cilia and a cilia arranged in longitudinal stripes that cover at least the front two thirds of the body, often the whole.

The Prostomatea group is characterized by the dikinetides covering the mouth region, which are arranged radially or tangentially around the mouth region.

Systematics

Holophrya discolor from an original plate by Schewiakoff: An example of the apical cytostome typical of prostomatea (red arrow). o = mouth, oe = throat, st = rod apparatus.

The group was first described in 1896 by Vladimir Timopheevich Schewiakoff . The term prostomatea is derived from the Greek pro , which means before , and from the Greek stoma , which means stomach. The name refers to the apical (in the tip at the front end of the cell) or subapical cytostome.

In terms of the number of species and genera it contains, it is the smallest of the ciliate groups of equal rank. It is broken down as follows:

Incertae sedis in the group of prostomatea:

Incertae sedis in the group of prostomatea:

Way of life

Prostomatea occur both terrestrially, in seawater and in freshwater.

Most species within the prostomatea feed on other ciliates , larger forms even prey on metazoa, and the genus Holophrya describes how an individual devoured a tentacle of a hydra fusca . One of the few species that specialize in specific prey is Urotricha synuraphaga , which specializes exclusively in cells from the golden alga Synura .

Some species are pathogenic. Cryptocaryon irritans is the causative agent of the so-called "White Spot Disease", a dangerous skin disease in marine fish. The genus Coleps is also considered to be the causative agent of a fish disease.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b W. Foissner: Taxonomic and ecological revision of the ciliates of the saprobic system. Volume III, Bavarian State Office for Water Management, 1991.
  2. ^ SM Adl, AGB Simpson, CE Lane, J. Lukeš, D. Bass, SS Bowser, MW Brown, F. Burki, M. Dunthorn, V. Hampl, A. Heiss, M. Hoppenrath, E. Lara, L. le Gall, DH Lynn, H. McManus, EAD Mitchell, SE Mozley-Stanridge, LW Parfrey, J. Pawlowski, S. Rueckert, L. Shadwick, CL Schoch, A. Smirnov, FW Spiegel: The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes. In: Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 59, 2012, pp. 429-514. doi: 10.1111 / j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x (open access)
  3. ↑ a b c D. Lynn: The Ciliated Protozoa: Characterization, Classification and Guide to the Literature . Springer, 2008, ISBN 978-1-4020-8238-2 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-1-4020-8239-9 .
  4. ^ A. Colorni: Cryptocaryon irritans Brown 1951, the cause of 'white spot disease' in marine fish: an update . tape 1 , no. 4 . Springer, 1997, ISSN  1357-5325 , p. 217-238 .
  5. ↑ C. Székely, MC Bereczky: An unusual case of disease in pet fish stocks caused by Coleps sp. In: Dis. aquat. Org. Band 13 , 1992, pp. 143-145 ( int-res.com [PDF]).

Web links

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