École nationale de la magistrature
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The École nationale de la magistrature (short ENM , German National Judges School ) is a French university that is responsible for the training and further education of French judges and public prosecutors, the magistrature . It was founded by law in 1958 under the name Center national d'études judiciaires as part of a major judicial reform and renamed its current name in 1970. The school is based in Bordeaux , where future judges are trained. The focus of a Paris branch office is training for judges and international relations. 90 percent of all active French judges have graduated from the ENM, plus around 3000 foreign judges who have completed training or further education at the ENM.
Admission and training
In order to be accepted into the ENM, candidates must have already completed a degree in law or political science and successfully complete one of three possible concours . The maximum age for admission is generally 27 years, but can be extended to 35 years for people who are already active in some professional fields (law, economics, social affairs) and to 40 years for long-term professional or mandate holders. The number of annual admissions of new judge candidates is falling: from around 250 admitted students per year, the number fell to around 150 in the 1990s. 60 percent of the 2003 graduates were women.
Upon admission to the ENM, the students acquire the status of auditeur de justice and are thus automatically members of the judges' corps and receive a salary. You are not allowed to exercise a mandate in the French Parliament, European Parliament or in the Economic and Social Council ; the exercise of further mandates at regional level and professional activities are also restricted.
The training lasts 31 months and is divided into internships and theoretical courses. Exams take place after two years. Depending on the overall ranking of the candidates, the more successful can first choose a vacancy and thus a subject. After a one-month theoretical course and another internship, the graduate is appointed a judge or prosecutor.
The auditeurs de justice are taught by 21 active judges who have been appointed Maîtres de Conférences for three years .
Graduates
- Jean-Louis Bruguière (* 1943), Vice-President of the Tribunal de Grande Instance in Paris
- Mariama Cissé (* 1962), judge and women's rights activist from Niger
- Mahamane Laouali Dan-Dah (* 1966), lawyer and politician from Niger
- Rachida Dati (* 1965), Minister of Justice
- Jean-Louis Debré (* 1944), Minister of the Interior and President of the Conseil constitutionnel
- Eva Joly (* 1943), lawyer
- Abdourahamane Soli (1938–2016), lawyer, politician and author from Niger
- Simone Veil (1927–2017), President of the European Parliament
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Schmidt u. a., p. 327
- ↑ Le statut des auditeurs de justice ( Memento of December 16, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
literature
- Bernhard Schmidt, Jürgen Doll, Walther Fekl, Siegfried Loewe, Fritz Taubert: France Lexicon. Key terms for economy, society, politics, history, culture, press and education. Erich Schmidt, Berlin 2005, 2007. ISBN 3-503-06184-3
- Thierry Fossier: La Justice: Manuel à l'usage des intervenants sociaux. Issy-les-Moulineaux, Paris 2001. ISBN 2-7101-1530-1
