Wasteland heather snail
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Wasteland heather snail ( Cernuella cisalpina ) |
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| Cernuella cisalpina | ||||||||||||
| ( Rossmässler , 1837) |
The wasteland heather snail ( Cernuella cisalpina ) is a species of snail of the Geomitridae family from the order of the land snail (Stylommatophora).
features
The pressed-cone-shaped to almost flat case is 6.5 to 9.0 mm high and 8.0 to 12.0 mm wide. There are five to six arched passages that are rounded on the periphery. The narrow, open navel takes up about 1/6 of the width of the case. The mouth is obliquely egg-shaped, the edge of the mouth simple and only slightly bent in the navel area.
The whitish, cream-colored to brownish case has darker spiral bands or spots. Lighter stripes also appear on the periphery. The surface is carved with coarse, irregular strips of growth. The mouth is reddish brown inside.
Although the animals are hermaphrodites, they cannot fertilize themselves. In the female genital tract, the genital atrium is wider than it is long, sometimes almost non-existent. The two large arrow sacks start at the distal end of the genital atrium. The outer, bulbous arrow sack is comparatively large, larger than the inner arrow sack. The free vagina between the arrow sacks and the glandulae mucosae is wider than it is long. The glandulae mucosae divide into a few branches. The spermatic duct is long and tortuous. The flagellum (blind sac) enters the epiphallus at an acute angle. The epiphallus is usually about twice as long as the flagellum. The epiphallus is about as long as the penis. The penile retractor muscle starts at the transition from the epiphallus to the penis. The stem of the spermathec is significantly longer than the seminal vesicle itself and can be widened at the base.
Similar species
The shell of the wasteland snail is similar to that of the Mediterranean heather snail ( Cernuella virgata ). The latter, however, is larger, has a higher thread and slightly more arched whorls. In the wasteland snail, the navel is a little wider, the growth strips are a little coarser. The habitats of the two species also seem to be slightly different. While the wasteland heather snail prefers overgrown, dry habitats and hides under stones, the Mediterranean heather snail tends to occur in open locations with less vegetation. When it is dry in summer, it climbs on plant stems to escape the heat of the soil and keeps a summer dormancy.
Geographical distribution and habitat
The distribution area extends from Italy to the coasts of the Balkan Peninsula (Adriatic, Aegean and Black Sea). In Belgium near Westende there has been a colony in the coastal dunes there since at least 1937. In the Netherlands there has been a stable colony in the dunes near Zandvoort since 1984 . In addition, a colony has been established at the holiday village De Banjaard ( Noord-Beveland , province of Zeeland). In Germany there are stable colonies in Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. In the United States, established colonies are known in the coastal area of Virginia and North Carolina.
The wasteland heather snail lives in Belgium and northern Germany in dry, sunny locations with little vegetation in the area of coastal dunes and dikes. In the Mediterranean area it occurs in warm, dry and stony locations with vegetation, but also on cultivated land. It hides under stones when it is dry.
Taxonomy
The taxon was proposed by Emil Adolf Roßäßler in 1837 in the combination Helix cisalpina . Whether it is actually a separate taxon is still a controversial topic in recent literature. While Bernhard Hausdorf and Jan Sauer (2009) see Cernuella cisalpina as a synonym of Cernuella virgata , Welter Schultes (2012) and Wiese (2014) see Cernuella cisalpina as an independent taxon. According to Bernhard Hausdorf and Jan Sauer, there is no evidence (based on observations in Crete) that the two taxa are reproductively isolated. In their opinion, there are no significant differences in the genital apparatus. In addition, all transitions are present in the shape and size of the housing, and so far there has also been no locality where these two taxa occur sympatric with each other. John Clerx and Edmund Gittenberger state that the genitals are essentially the same, but that the glandulae mucosae are less branched and the arrow sacks are on average larger. Detailed anatomical examinations of the internal structure were not made.
In contrast, the molecular genetic study by Manganelli et al. (2005) on Italian specimens of Cernuella virga and Cernuella cisalpina, there are clear generic differences that speak in favor of reproductive isolation of the two taxa. In addition, there should be locations in Italy where both taxa occur sympatric. Cernuella cisalpina is therefore accepted as a bona species (cf. Welter Schultes). Even according to the more recent molecular biological investigations by Puizina et al. (2013) Cernuella cisalpina is an independent species.
The Fauna Europaea lists over 40 synonyms .
Danger
The species is not rated as a neozoon in Germany. The IUCN classifies them as not endangered.
literature
- Rosina Fechter and Gerhard Falkner: molluscs. 287 pp., Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990 (Steinbach's Nature Guide 10), ISBN 3-570-03414-3 (p. 210)
- Michael P. Kerney, RAD Cameron & Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. 384 pp., Paul Parey, Hamburg & Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-490-17918-8 (p. 247 as Cernuella jonica )
- Vollrath Wiese: Germany's land snails. 352 p., Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2014 ISBN 978-3-494-01551-4 (p. 267)
On-line
Individual evidence
- ↑ John PM Clerx, Edmund Gittenberger: Something about Cernuella. Zoological Mededelingen Leiden, 52 (4): 27-56, 1977 PDF
- ↑ Joris M. Koene, Hinrich Schulenburg: Shooting darts: co-evolution and counter-adaptation in hermaphroditic snails. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 5 (25), pp. 1-13, 2005 doi : 10.1186 / 1471-2148-5-25 .
- ^ CM Neckheim: De land en zoetwaterweekdieren (Molluska of mollusken) van het Noordhollands Duinreservaat. 70 p. + Supplements, PWN Waterleidingbedrijf Noord-Holland, Velserbroek 2006 PDF
- ^ Arno Boesfeld: Inventory van de Landslakken van de Zeeuwse Kust, met Nadruk op de nauwe Korfslak. 15 p., Stichting European Invertebrate Survey, Leiden 2005 PDF
- ↑ a b Vollrath Wiese: The land snails of Germany. 352 pp., Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2014 ISBN 978-3-494-01551-4 (p. 266)
- ^ David Gwyn Robinson: Alien terrestrial gastropods of concern for the Pacific Northwest. Conferences Paper, October 2003. PDF
- ↑ Emil Adolf Rossmässler, EA Iconography of Land and Freshwater Mollusks, with special consideration of the European species not yet shown. First volume. - pp. Booklet 1: [1], I-VI [= 1-6], 1-132, [1-2], Booklet 2: [1-2], 1-26, Booklet 3: [1-3], 1 -33, Book 4: [1-3], 1-27, Book 5-6: [1-3], 1-70, Pl. 1-30. Dresden, Leipzig. (Arnold). 1835-1837
- ^ Bernhard Hausdorf, Jan Sauer: Revision of the Helicellinae of Crete (Gastropoda: Hygromiidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 157: 373-419, 2009 doi : 10.1111 / j.1096-3642.2008.00504.x
- ^ Giuseppe Manganelli, Nicola Salomone, Folco Giusti: A molecular approach to the phylogenetic relationships of the western palaearctic Helicoidea (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 85: 501-512, 2005 doi : 10.1111 / j.1095-8312.2005.00514.x .
- ↑ Francisco W. Welter-Schultes: European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = identification book for European land and freshwater mollusks. A1-A3 S., 679 S., Q1-Q78 S., Göttingen, Planet Poster Ed., 2012 ISBN 3-933922-75-5 , ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5 (S. 535)
- ↑ Jasna Puizina, Sanja Puljas, Celjana Fredotović, Ivica Šamanić, Grgur Pleslić: Phylogenetic Relationships among Populations of the Vineyard Snail Cernuella virgata (Da Costa, 1778). ISRN Zoology, Volume 2013, Article ID 638325, 9 S., doi : 10.1155 / 2013/638325
- ↑ Fauna Europaea
- ^ Páll-Gergely, B. 2013. Cernuella cisalpina. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T156398A4938203. doi : 10.2305 / IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T156398A4938203.en . Retrieved September 26, 2015.
