Overland flight
A cross-country flight ( English Cross-Country Flight ) is a flight between two points (usually airfields ) with air navigation . To distinguish it from this, a circular flight , which is often carried out for training or education purposes, is understood to mean a flight within the circular pattern of an airfield and a local flight is understood to mean a flight with identical departure and destination airports.
Legal definition
In Germany, in accordance with Section 3a LuftVO, a cross-country flight begins as soon as the pilot can no longer see the traffic in the traffic area of the take-off airport, regardless of whether the landing is made again later on the take-off airport or another landing site.
For reasons of noise protection, Section 1 of the Landing Site Noise Protection Ordinance stipulates that at heavily frequented airports with more than 15,000 aircraft movements in the previous year, take-offs and landings during the rest periods may only be carried out by aircraft with a noise certificate for cross-country flights.
Flight planning
For every cross-country flight , the pilot must familiarize himself with the flight weather reports and forecasts and carry out flight preparation and flight planning . For flights under visual flight rules, a minimum altitude of 150 meters (500 feet ) above ground must be maintained, which is raised above cities, other densely populated areas and outdoor gatherings to 300 meters (1000 feet) above the highest obstacle within a radius of 600 meters. For flights according to instrument flight rules, a minimum altitude of 300 meters (1000 feet) applies, over high terrain or in mountainous areas increased to 600 meters (2000 feet), above the highest obstacle within a radius of 8 kilometers.
education
Overland flights are an integral part of pilot training. Depending on the desired license or authorization, several cross-country flights with a flight instructor and in a solo flight must be proven. As a rule, different airports must be approached at a minimum distance from one another.
history
The first overland flight with a fixed wing aircraft was undertaken on October 30, 1908 by Henri Farman with his Voisin-Farman I. The flight ran over 27 kilometers from Chalons to Reims in 20 minutes .
Hubert Latham carried out the first overland flight with a fixed-wing aircraft in Germany on September 27, 1909 over Berlin. He flew with his Antoinette monoplane ten kilometers from Tempelhofer Feld to the Johannisthal airfield , where a “competitive flight” took place on the occasion of the opening of the airfield . Since overland flights by airplanes were not regulated by regulations at the time, Latham's flight was considered "gross nonsense" and resulted in a penalty from the police authority of 150 marks .
swell
- Günter Schmitt: When the vintage cars flew - the history of the Johannisthal airfield . Transpress, Berlin 1980, ISBN 3-344-00129-9 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Regulation (EU) No. 1178/2011 of the Commission of 3 November 2011 laying down technical regulations and administrative procedures with regard to aircrew in civil aviation in accordance with Regulation (EC) No. 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council , accessed February 17, 2014
- ↑ a b FAR Part 61 Sec. 61.1 effective as of 07/15/2013. In: rgl.faa.gov. Federal Aviation Administration , accessed February 17, 2014 .
- ↑ § 3a LuftVO
- ↑ Implementing Regulation (EU) No. 923/2012 , SERA .5005 letter f
- ↑ Implementing Regulation (EU) No. 923/2012 , SERA.5015 letter b
- ↑ § 42 of the Ordinance on Aviation Personnel (LuftPersV)
- ↑ § 84a LuftPersV
- ↑ When the oldtimers flew , p. 20ff
