ʿAbd Manāf ibn Qusaiy
ʿAbd Manāf ibn Qusaiy ( Arabic عبد مناف بن قصي, DMG ʿAbd Manāf ibn Quṣaiy ) was an ancestor of the Prophet Mohammed , who was the leader of the Quraish tribe at a time that cannot be precisely determined . He was the son of Qusaiy ibn Kilāb , who had established the supremacy of the Quraish over Mecca .
ʿAbd Manāf had four sons: al-Muttalib, Hāschim , ʿAbd Shams and Naufal. They are said to have created the political prerequisites for the Meccan trade that spanned the entire Arabian Peninsula . ʿAbd Shams is said to have established relations with the Negus of Aksum , Hāschim with Syria, al-Muttalib with Yemen and Naufal with Iraq.
Under the leadership of ʿAbd Shams, the clan ʿAbd Manāf entered into a rivalry with the Quraishite family ʿAbd ad-Dār. The ʿAbd Manāf were supported by the other Meccan clans Asad, Zuhra, Taim and al-Hārith ibn Fihr, while the ʿAbd ad-Dār received the help of the clans Machzūm, Sahm, Jumah and ʿAdī. The two camps were known as Mutaiyabūn ("Perfumed") and the Ahlāf ("Allies").
Through his sons Hāschim and ʿAbd Shams, ʿAbd Manāf was the progenitor of both the Hashimites and the Umayyads . The great importance that was assigned to the descendants of ʿAbd Manāfs within the Quraish tribe is illustrated in an Arabic poem quoted by the Andalusian historian ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Habīb (st. 853) with the following picture:
Kānat Quraišu baiḍatan fa-tafallaqat
fa-l-muḥḥu ḫāliṣu-hū li-ʿAbdi Manāf
Quraish was an egg that burst,
the pure egg yolk came to ʿAbd Manāf.
When Abū Bakr , a member of the Taim clan, was promoted to successor after the death of the Prophet , the Umayyads protested and insisted on the political privileges of the descendants of ʿAbd Manāfs. Abū Sufyān is said to have questioned the rule of Abū Bakr with the words: "You descendants of ʿAbd Manāf, can you be satisfied that a man from the Taim clan takes over your affairs?"
literature
- Tilman Nagel : Mohammed. Life and legend . Verlag Oldenbourg, Munich 2008, pp. 40-42, ISBN 978-3-486-58534-6 .
- William Montgomery Watt : Muhammad at Mecca. University Press, Oxford 1993, ISBN 0-19-577278-4 . (Reprinted from Oxford 1953 edition).
Individual evidence
- ↑ See Watt 13.
- ↑ See Watt 5.
- ↑ ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Ḥabīb: K. at-Ta'rīḫ . Ed. J. Aguadé, Madrid 1991, p. 76.
- ↑ See Wilferd Madelung: The Succession to Muḥammad. A Study of the Early Caliphate. Cambridge 1997. pp. 40f.
- ↑ Cf. al-Ǧāḥiẓ: al-ʿUṯmānīya . Ed. AM Hārūn, Kairo 1955, p. 60: Raḍītum maʿšara Banī ʿAbd Manāf an yaliya umūra-kum raǧulun min Banī Taim?
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | ʿAbd Manāf ibn Qusaiy |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | عبد مناف بن قصي (Arabic) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Ancestor of the Hashimites or Umayyads |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 5th century |
| DATE OF DEATH | 6th century |