6rd

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IPv6 transition mechanisms
4in6 Tunneling from IPv4 to IPv6
6in4 Tunneling from IPv6 to IPv4
6over4 Transport of IPv6 data packets between dual-stack nodes over an IPv4 network
6to4 Transport of IPv6 data packets over an IPv4 network (obsolete)
AYIYA Anything In Anything
Dual stack Network nodes with IPv4 and IPv6 in parallel operation
Dual-Stack Lite (DS-Lite) Like dual stack, but with global IPv6 and carrier NAT IPv4
6rd IPv6 rapid deployment
ISATAP Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol (deprecated)
Teredo Encapsulation of IPv6 packets in IPv4 UDP -Datenpaketen
NAT64 Translation of IPv4 addresses into IPv6 addresses
464XLAT Translation from IPv4 to IPv6 to IPv4 addresses
SIIT Stateless IP / ICMP translation

6rd stands for IPv6 Rapid Deployment and is a possibility for an Internet service provider to offer its customers IPv6- capable connections without the provider infrastructure having to be completely converted to IPv6.

It is based on the ideas of 6to4 , but does not use a special address range, but the IPv6 address range of the provider, so that there are no accessibility problems that 6to4 sometimes suffered from.

6rd was developed by Rémi Després at the end of 2007 / beginning of 2008 at the French ISP free. 6rd has been specified in RFC 5969 since August 2010 .

functionality

As with 6to4, the IPv6 address is algorithmically formed from the public IPv4 address of the connection. However, it is not specified which parts of the IPv4 address are stored in which range of the IPv6 address. The providers can therefore use a mapping that is suitable for them.

Usually, a provider receives a / 32 network from the IPv6 address pool from its RIR . This means that the top 32 bits of the IPv6 address are specified. Now the 32 bits of the public IPv4 address can simply be mapped into the subsequent 32 bits of the IPv6 address so that a / 64 network can now be assigned to each connection.

However, with IPv6 it is common to issue larger address ranges to end customers, e.g. / 56 or / 52. Since only large (multi-) national providers are assigned a larger IPv6 address range than / 32, a mapping is usually necessary that only transfers parts of the IPv4 address into the IPv6 address, e.g. B. the lower 24 bits.

commitment

6rd is used by some providers, in Germany for example by Deutsche Glasfaser and in Switzerland by Swisscom .

privacy

According to the highest court rulings, IP addresses are considered personal data, as they can be used to establish a personal reference (at least to the subscriber). In the opinion of the Düsseldorfer Kreis , only shortened addresses may therefore be used when processing IP addresses . This means that, for example, the last byte of an IPv4 address is zeroed out so that it is no longer possible to establish a personal reference, other IP address-based services, such as e.g. B. Geolocation , but still possible.

Shortening to 40 bits is recommended for IPv6 addresses. With a 32-bit prefix from the provider, a maximum of 8 bits of the IPv4 address of the subscriber remain, which means that no personal reference can be made.

Individual evidence

  1. http://ripe58.ripe.net/content/presentations/ipv6-free.pdf
  2. https://www.heise.de/netze/meldung/Details-zu-IPv6-ueber-Telekom-DSL-1762367.html
  3. Archive link ( Memento from July 5, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  4. Interface specification
  5. Swisscom IPv6. With 6RD into the next round! (2012)
  6. Archive link ( Memento from December 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive )