Abbas Mirza

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Abbas Mirza

Abbas Mirza (born August 26, 1789 in Navā / Māzandarān ; † October 25, 1833 in Maschhad ), also called "Nayeb-Saltaneh" (also Abbas Mirza Qajar, Nayeb ol Saltaneh or Abbas Mirza Kadjar Nayeb-Soltaneh ), was a Persian Prince and the second son of the Shah of Persia Fath Ali (died 1834). He had appointed him heir to the throne and thereby passed over the legal succession of his older brother, Mohammed Ali Mirza. Mohammed Ali's mother was from Georgia and was not of the tribe of Qajar . Because of this, he was excluded from the line of succession.

Life

Convinced of the advantages of European civilization through his own experience, he decided to reform the province of Azerbaijan , which he administered as a Beglerbeg with almost sovereign power, and later to reform the whole of Persia. With the help of French and later English officers, he first reorganized the army.

Abbas Mirza incurred the hostility of the clergy by sending some Iranians to Europe to study science and technology, bringing military advisers into the country, and developing plans for early industrialization of Persia. However, the resistance of the Islamic clergy largely prevented the implementation of his industrialization plans.

When war broke out with Russia in 1804 , he commanded the Persian army but was unsuccessful. The peace of Gulistan , signed by him for the sole consideration of a support for a future, but never happened, accession to the throne was connected with territorial losses in Transcaucasia . In 1821 he waged war against the Turks , crossed the border without a declaration of war and besieged Bajesid ; one of his generals even penetrated as far as Diyarbakır and took great prey there. But the conquests were soon lost again.

Border disputes led to another war with Russia in which Abbas Mirza shone more through personal bravery than general talent. The Treaty of Turkmanchai (February 22, 1828) concluded these endeavors, which were disastrous for Persia. Abbas Mirza received an Honorary Member Diploma from the Royal Asian Society of London. In 1831 and 1832 he fought the Kurds of Khorasan .

Before he could complete the conquest of Herat , he died in an epidemic in Mashhad in October 1833 . He left 24 sons and 26 daughters. His eldest son Mohammed Mirza ascended the throne of Persia as Mohammed Shah in 1834.

literature

  • Mateo Mohammad Farzaneh: The Iranian Constitutional Revolution and the Clerical Leadership of Khurasani. Syracuse University Press, Syracuse (New York) 2015, ISBN 978-0-8156-3388-4 , pp. 26-31.
  • Carl Brockelmann : History of the Islamic Peoples and States. R. Oldenbourg, Munich / Berlin 1939, pp. 378-380.

Web links

Commons : Abbas Mirza  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Encyclopædia Iranica: ʿAbbās Mīrzā Qajar .
  2. ^ Cyrus Ghani: Iran and the Rise of Reza Shah. IBTauris, 2000. p. 2.
  3. ^ Cyrus Ghani: Iran and the Rise of Reza Shah. IBTauris, 2000, p. 3.
  4. ^ Carl Brockelmann: History of the Islamic Peoples and States. 1939, p. 378 f.
personal data
SURNAME Mirza, Abbas
BRIEF DESCRIPTION persian prince
DATE OF BIRTH August 26, 1789
PLACE OF BIRTH Navā, Māzandarān
DATE OF DEATH October 25, 1833
Place of death Mashhad