Abkhaz alphabet

The Abkhazian alphabet is a writing system for writing the Abkhazian language , which is an extension of Cyrillic .

It has existed since 1862 . It was developed by Baron Peter von Uslar and originally consisted of 37 Cyrillic letters. In 1905 a Cyrillic alphabet with 55 letters was used. Nikolai Marr developed a 75-letter Latin alphabet that was used from 1926 to 1928 , which was replaced by an advanced new Latin script. In 1937 , during the Stalinist era, the Georgian script was introduced for Abkhazian. After Stalin's death, the Cyrillic alphabet, which is still in use today, was reintroduced.

Letter	Transliteration	Phonet. Transcription		Letter	Transliteration	Phonet. Transcription
Аа	a	[a]		Мм	m	[m]
Бб	b	[b]		Нн	n	[n]
Вв	v	[v]		Оо	O	[O]
Гг	G	[ɡ]		Ҩҩ	O	[ɥ]
Гьгь	G'	[ɡʲ]		Пп	p	[p ']
Ҕҕ	G	[ɣ]		Ҧҧ	ṗ	[p]
Ҕьҕь	G'	[ɣʲ]		Рр	r	[r]
Гәгә	g °	[ɡʷ]
Дд	d	[d]		Сс	s	[s]
Дәдә	d °	[dʷ]		Тт	t	[t ']
Џџ	ǰ	[ɖʐ]		Тәтә	t °	[tʷ ']
Џьџь	ǰ '	[ʥ]		Ҭҭ	ƫ	[t]
Ее	e	[e]		Ҭəҭə	ƫ °	[tʷ]
Ҽҽ	ċ	[ʦ̢]		Уу	u	[w, u]
Ҿҿ	ċ̨	[ʦ̢ ']		Фф	f	[f]
Жж	ž	[ʐ]		Хх	x	[x]
Жьжь	ž '	[ʑ]		Хьхь	x '	[xʲ]
Жəжə	ž °	[ʐʷ]		Ҳҳ	x̢	[H]
Зз	z	[z]		Ҳәҳә	x̢ °	[H]
Ӡӡ	ʒ	[ʣ]		Цц	c	[ʦ]
Ӡәӡә	ʒ °	[ʣʷ]		Цәцә	c °	[ʦʷ]
Ии	i	[i, j]		Ҵҵ	c̄	[ʦ ']
Кк	k	[k ']		Ҵәҵә	c̄ °	[ʦʷ ']
Кькь	k '	[kʲ ']		Чч	č	[ʨ]
Ққ	k̢	[k]		Ҷҷ	č̢	[ʨ ']
Қьқь	k̢ '	[kʲ]		Шш	š	[ʂ]
Ҟҟ	k̄	[q ']		Шьшь	š '	[ɕ]
Ҟьҟь	k̄ '	[qʲ ']		Шәшә	š °	[ʂʷ]
Лл	l	[l]		Ыы	y	[ə]

Abkhaz alphabet 1926–1928

Abkhaz alphabet 1928–1938

literature

• Теимураз Гванцеладзе: Из истории перехода абхазского книжного языка на грузинскую графику. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on September 15, 2018 ; accessed on April 30, 2019 . 

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Марр, Николай Яковлевич (1864–1934): Абхазский аналитический алфавит. (in: Труды яфетического семинария, vol. I, Leningrad 1926), page 51, table 2