Suction

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Suction device with accessories: 1 compressor, 2 secretion collection containers, 3 connecting tubes, 4 sterile packed suction catheters

Suction is a measure of airway management . In professional care and in emergency and intensive medicine , liquid respiratory secretions , saliva , blood or aspirated substances are removed from the airways with the help of a suction pump and a suction catheter .

A distinction is made between suction from the oral cavity and the pharynx and deep suction from the windpipe and bronchi . It can be administered orally with a suction catheter (the length of the suction catheter should then correspond approximately to the distance between the earlobe and the tip of the nose), transnasally (nasotracheally, whereby suction should only be applied when the catheter tip has reached the pharynx to avoid bleeding) or via an endotracheal tube or a tracheostomy tube ( bronchial toilet ). If necessary, suction is performed under a laryngoscopic or endoscopic view. A bronchoscopy is also used for suction.

Breathing is interrupted at the moment of suction. Possible further respiratory restrictions can occur through interruption of the oxygen supply, when the airway is blocked by the catheter, through the elimination of PEEP and through negative suction pressure, through agitation or larynx cramps in the patient. Additional complications arise from (nosocomial) infections of the respiratory tract, which can be favored by non-sterile materials or the spread of pathogens from the upper to the lower respiratory tract; if the mucous membranes are injured by the catheter or if the vagus is irritated with the result of bradycardia or short-term asystole . Therefore, and in order to avoid hypoxia and thus a lack of oxygen , the suction process should be carried out quickly and with sterile materials.

In the dying phase , because of the stress on the patient and possible complications, suction should only be performed if breathing is impaired by strong secretion.

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  • Entry in the maintenance wiki
  • Intensive care and anesthesia, p. 103 ff., Thieme Verlag Stuttgart 2005
  • P. Sporn, W. Hackl, W. Mauritz: Endotracheal suction - fiberglass bronchoscopy - long-term intubation - tracheostomy. In: Jürgen Kilian, Herbert Benzer, FW Ahnefeld (ed.): Basic principles of ventilation. Springer, Berlin a. a. 1991, ISBN 3-540-53078-9 , 2nd, unchanged edition, ibid 1994, ISBN 3-540-57904-4 , pp. 314-325; here: pp. 314-318.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Elisabeth Albrecht: Symptoms in the dying phase. In: Claudia Bausewein , Susanne Roller, Raymond Voltz (eds.): Guideline Palliative Care. Palliative medicine and hospice care. Elsevier, Munich 2015, p. 349. ISBN 978-3-437-23313-5