Weaning
The term withdrawal symptoms (also withdrawal symptoms / syndromes) describes the symptoms that occur when a drug is greatly reduced or discontinued, and is one of the undesirable side effects .
The physical and psychological withdrawal symptoms from psychotropic medication and other psychotropic substances (drugs) are also withdrawal symptoms (see: addiction ).
The strength of withdrawal symptoms ranges from objectively undetectable to life-threatening. They appear in the form of subsequent, increased side effects of the substances ingested or as completely new symptoms. Symptoms that a drug should help against may become more apparent after stopping the drug (see: rebound effect ). However, this is not counted among the withdrawal symptoms in the narrower sense if the severity of the symptoms does not differ significantly from the condition before the drug was taken (the symptoms can only be traced back to the disease to be treated). The therapeutic method of sneaking is often used to prevent withdrawal symptoms .
Use of the term
Conceptually, the terms withdrawal symptoms and withdrawal symptoms or withdrawal symptoms / syndromes are sometimes used synonymously in the specialist literature.
The term is not standardized according to the international ICD classification system and has only recently appeared more frequently, especially in connection with antidepressants of the SSRI , SNRI etc. groups . In the current German version of the ICD (ICD-10-GM), the terms withdrawal symptom and Withdrawal syndrome is also not included as a diagnosis, but is used in the comments. However, since this only happens in relation to substances that cause addiction and this also corresponds to long-term use, problems of confusion would arise if the corresponding symptoms for substances that do not cause addiction were named in the same way; Above all (but not only) lay people could mistakenly consider the corresponding substances to be addictive.
In English, there is no formal such distinction and one speaks generally of withdrawal syndrome / symptoms. In the national (but internationally used) North American classification system of mental disorders, DSM , the term “withdrawal (symptoms)” is also used very generally . Only the terms “discontinuation syndrome” and “abstinence syndrome” are used as synonyms. In practice, abstinence syndrome is mainly used in connection with symptoms during the peri - and neonatal period ; discontinuation syndrome especially in relation to the symptoms after non-continuation of the use of certain non-addictive drugs (“non-addictive drugs”).
Examples
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b DSM-IV: Withdrawal ( Memento from January 30, 2008 in the Internet Archive ). Found on BehaveNet ® Clinical Capsules ™ .
- ↑ a b Stuck B., ea: Practice of sleep medicine: sleep disorders, sleep-related movement and breathing disorders, snoring. Springer, 2009, ISBN 3-540-88699-0 , p. 229 ( limited preview in Google book search).
- ↑ Brigitte Woggon : treatment with psychotropic drugs. 2nd, completely revised and expanded edition 2005. Verlag Hans Huber, Hogrefe AG, Bern 1998/2005. ISBN 3-456-83538-8
- ↑ ICD-10-GM 2008: Mental and behavioral disorders caused by psychotropic substances (F10-F19) ( Memento of March 3, 2010 in the Internet Archive ), official version. Found on DIMDI .
- ^ Pharmacology: discontinuation syndrome ( Memento October 11, 2008 in the Internet Archive ). Found on BehaveNet ® Clinical Capsules ™ .
- ↑ Pharmacology: abstinence syndrome ( Memento October 11, 2008 in the Internet Archive ). Found on BehaveNet ® Clinical Capsules ™ .