Lineage

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Lineage (outdated: bloodline ) denotes in biology the direct series in which ancestors and their descendants are blood related to one another ; a distinction is made between the female and the male lineage ( maternal , paternal ). The lines can be viewed in ascending order: the ancestry (ascendancy) - or in a descending line: the descendants (descent).

Family history research ( genealogy ) sometimes uses the term in the sense of ancestral line (male stem), ethnosociology sometimes in connection with rules of ancestry .

See also : Cultural differences to biological ancestry

In genetics , the female lineage can be determined via the DNA of the mitochondria , the male lineage via the Y chromosome . In both cases it is a question of sections of DNA that are passed on from generation to generation without change : in the case of female individuals from mother to daughters, in the case of males from father to sons.

By analyzing lineages, archaeological heredity ( archaeogenetics ) can reconstruct the genetic history of a biological species ; Human-related models include the Eve of the mitochondria , the Adam of the Y chromosome or the Aaron of the Y chromosome .

See also : The Seven Daughters of Eve

The female and male lineages are medically of equal importance with regard to hereditary diseases , for example in human genetic counseling . Therefore, modern family research strives for extensive ancestral lists that include all lineages - instead of lineages that are only concentrated on the male side of the lineage.