Withholding capital
In cost accounting, deductible capital is the interest-free debt capital available to a company .
General
To determine the imputed interest and the assets required for operations , it is necessary to deduct the non-interest-bearing debt components from the total capital, because in reality interest would have to be paid for these liabilities .
Business administration
The deductible capital includes:
- Down payments , advance payments or advances from customers ( customer loans ),
- Provisions (except pension provisions ),
- other interest-free liabilities ,
- interest-free shareholder loans ,
- Trade credits .
The starting point for determining the imputed interest is the assets side of the balance sheet , which reflects the total assets of a company. The parts that are not required for operation are separated from this total assets; For example, speculatively held shares or buildings that are rented to third parties and do not serve the purpose of the business are not required for business operations . After deducting the non-operational assets, the so-called operational assets remain . The assets required for business operations are financed by equity and / or debt capital. If a company has loan capital parts available without interest, then these are to be subtracted from the assets required for the business. The result is the capital required for operation .
Scheme for determining the capital required for operations:
nicht abnutzbares Anlagevermögen (zu vollen Anschaffungs- oder Wiederbeschaffungskosten) + abnutzbares Anlagevermögen (zu halben Anschaffungs- oder Wiederbeschaffungskosten) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- = betriebsnotwendiges Anlagevermögen + betriebsnotwendiges Umlaufvermögen (Durchschnittswerte) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- = betriebsnotwendiges Vermögen - Abzugskapital ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- = betriebsnotwendiges Kapital
The imputed interest rate is applied to the operating capital determined in this way. This is based on the interest rate of fixed-income securities and increases this by a risk premium. If the interest rate level of fixed income securities z. For example, if the value is 5 percent and the internal risk premium is 3 percent, this results in an imputed interest rate of 8 percent. In some cases, when calculating imputed interest, the discount rate from the investment calculation is also used. A theoretically exact determination of the amount of the discount rate is not possible, one has to rely on estimates.
Communal services
The fixed assets on which the imputed interest is to be calculated will be reduced by the deductible capital. The aim is to avoid a double burden for those affected. Insofar as residents have raised capital through contributions to finance public facilities (e.g. for sewage disposal or road construction ), they incur capital costs in the form of interest expenses for refinancing or lost interest income . If imputed interest were also calculated on the deductible capital when setting the fee, the residents would bear this part of the capital costs twice.
Withdrawal capital in municipal services includes :
- Contributions from residents to finance sewage systems,
- Subsidies from subsidies ,
- other contributions from third parties (e.g. from urban development contracts).
literature
- Wolfgang Kilger: Introduction to cost accounting . 3. Edition. Business publishing house Gabler, Wiesbaden 1987, ISBN 3-409-21069-5 .
- Andreas Schmidt: cost accounting, basics of full cost, contribution margin and budgeted cost accounting as well as cost management . 3. Edition. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart Berlin Cologne 2001, ISBN 3-17-017003-1 .
- Edgar Wenz: Cost and performance accounting with an introduction to cost theory . Neue Wirtschaftsbriefe, Herne / Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-482-45231-8 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Johann Steger, Cost and Performance Accounting , 2006, p. 223