Business assets

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Operating assets ( net operating assets ) are business indicators that reflect the assets or capital of a company required to achieve the operational purpose . It is not to be confused with the necessary business assets .

General

With regard to the existing total assets, the company is optimally equipped that has assets that are exclusively oriented towards the business purpose. Over the years, however, there may be assets that do not or no longer serve the business purpose. This part of the assets is called assets that are not required for business operations . The total assets resulting from the balance sheet of a company ( assets side ) are therefore not always necessary to fully achieve the operational purpose. Non-essential assets include B. leased or closed facilities or commercial property or securities purchased for speculative purposes . In addition, there are internally generated intangible assets ( own work ) that have not been capitalized and are therefore not visible in the balance sheet, but must be added to the assets required for business operations.

calculation

The starting point is the balance sheet fixed assets , valued at the mean value to which the current assets are added. Both assets are adjusted for non-operational balance sheet items and supplemented by non-capitalized, but operational assets: 

   Anlagevermögen
   + Umlaufvermögen
   - nicht betriebsnotwendiges Anlage- und Umlaufvermögen
   + nicht aktiviertes, betriebsnotwendiges Vermögen
   = betriebsnotwendiges Vermögen

The assets required for the business show the management whether and which asset items do not serve the operational purpose and therefore cause a capital tie-up that is not required. Their disposal can thus for cost reduction and a capital release effect contribute.

Operating capital

The determination of the operationally necessary capital is based on the operationally necessary assets: 

   betriebsnotwendiges Vermögen
   - zinsloses Fremdkapital
   = betriebsnotwendiges Kapital

It is assumed here that the capital used to finance the assets required for the business ( equity and debt ) is also required for the business. However, the interest-free borrowed capital ( deductible capital ) has to be adjusted, because in reality interest would have to be paid for these liabilities . These include customer down payments , customer loans , supplier loans , interest-free shareholder loans or other interest-free liabilities. Provisions for guarantees or goodwill provisions can also be classified as interest-free. Interest-free debt reduces the capital base because there is no interest expense on it .

The operating capital is an economic key figure that is also required to determine the imputed interest and the return on investment .

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jörg Wöltje, quick introduction to accounting , 2008, p. 234 f.
  2. ↑ Manfred Weber, Kaufmännisches Rechnen von A - Z , 2005, p. 225
  3. ↑ Johann Steger, Cost and Performance Accounting , 2006, p. 223