Adass Jeschurun (Heilbronn)
The Adass Jeschurun in Heilbronn was founded in 1910 as an Orthodox Jewish community alongside the reform-oriented central synagogue community in Heilbronn . She was part of the exit orthodoxy movement .
history
occasion
On June 26, 1905, the crematorium planned and designed by Emil Beutinger was opened in Heilbronn, one of the first of its kind in southern Germany. The cremation of a member of the Jewish faith community and the burial of his cinder urn in a Jewish cemetery led to the establishment of the new Israelite religious community Adass Jeschurun, which separated from the central synagogue community. The cremation was considered incompatible, both with the tradition of the Jewish funeral and with Maimonides (and his 13th Creed) and Jecheskiel (prophecy chap. 37 on the resurrection of the bones on the last day). The reason was that Judaism does not know the strict separation of body and soul. Hence, the idea of being raised to new life encompasses the whole person . But if the whole person were to be cremated, there would be no resurrection.
People and principles
Under the leadership of the Heilbronn citizens of Jewish faith David Reis and Emanuel Kaufmann, a split developed from the central synagogue community of Heilbronn, which is considered to be assimilated. This new community was called the Heilbronn Israelitic religious community Adass Jeschurun . The following words of Tenach were decisive for the second Jewish community in Heilbronn: You shall be a people of priests for me!
With these words the observance and preservation of the Torah and its laws (see Halacha ) were meant in particular . The new Jewish community in Heilbronn saw itself as orthodox and law-abiding according to the views of the Frankfurt rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch .
"Eastern Jews"
The Eastern Jews, who were also called "Eastern Brothers" of the Orthodox Israelite Religious Community Adass Jeschurun, consisted of seven families who had moved here from Poland. The Eastern Brothers were admired and highly valued by the Heilbronn Orthodoxy for their superiority of Jewish knowledge and their unreserved creed. The "Eastern Jews", because they were registered as Polish citizens, were also first deported and murdered in 1938. That was Nachmann and Marie Gesinsky, Bernhard and Dina Mangel, Simon and Adele Mandellaub with daughter Sylvia and the couple Chaim and Pauline Schiffer.
Board members
The first chairman of the Israelite religious community Adass Jeschurun was David Reis, whose nephew Arthur Reis reported from the congregation in his book The Iron Bridge . David Reis was followed by Heinrich Scheuer in 1929 and Dr. Moses Strauss .
rabbi
The first Orthodox rabbi of the new Israelite religious community Adass Jeschurun was Dr. Jonas Ansbacher from Würzburg. Rabbi Ansbacher was briefly followed by the teacher Isaak Majer, whereupon a second rabbi, Benno Cohen, was available to the community. The third rabbi was Dr. Gerson Feinberg and the fourth Kurt Flamm. The Feinberg family, with the exception of their son Esra, were deported and murdered.
Prayer room
A room in an old building in Siebeneichgasse was initially rented as a prayer room for the Israelite religious community Adass Jeschurun , and later in the rear building of the building at Uhlandstrasse 7, which belonged to the Jewish Rosenstein family. There was a 80 m² room that had previously served commercial purposes and had now been rededicated as a prayer room. The rabbi's apartment was initially in the building at Uhlandstrasse 7, where the first rabbi also lived. The rabbi's second apartment was at Bismarckstrasse 3a, which also belonged to the Israelite religious community Adass Jeschurun. There was also a 1920 mikveh set up for the parishioners. The Israelite Congregation and the Israelite Church Council were located at Roßkampfstrasse 21.
The prayer room was divided into a small anteroom and a main room:
In the anteroom was the cloakroom for the Kohanim and a washbasin for the Levite's hands to be washed before the priest's blessing.
Through the anteroom one got into the prayer room, in which there were fifty benches for the male parishioners. There were also seats for women with twenty benches behind a transparent curtain. The Aron ha'kodesch (Hebrew: ארון הקודש, German: "Holy Ark "), was a shrine where several Torah scrolls were kept for the reading of the respective Parasha (week period). One of the Torah scrolls had been donated on January 11, 1933 by the then headmaster Heinrich Scheuer and Moses Reis.
Destruction and Shoah
In 1933 the Adass Jeschurun community had around 60 members. In 1935 the number of members decreased to 40 to 45. On the morning of November 10, 1938, the day after the Reichspogromnacht , the prayer room was devastated. The air raid on Heilbronn destroyed the building.
literature
- Hans Franke : History and Fate of the Jews in Heilbronn - From the Middle Ages to the Time of National Socialist Persecution (1050–1945) , Heilbronn 1963 (also as PDF , 14.3 MB)
- Arthur Reis: The iron bridge. Citizens' Committee for encounters with former Jewish citizens and political emigrants, Heilbronn 1987
Individual evidence
- ↑ Reis: The iron bridge . Page 18