Al-Ja'ad ibn Dirham

Al-Ja'ad ibn Dirham ( Arabic الجعد بن درهم, DMG al-Ǧaʿd b. Dirham ; born in Khorasan ; died 724 in Kufa , Iraq ) is considered to be the first representative of the Jabrites in Islam . He was a teacher of the Islamic theologian Jahm ibn Safwān - whose teaching was strongly influenced by him - and also of Marwan , the later last Umayyad - caliph , who is also known as Marwān al-Jaʿdī .

During his stay in Damascus , the capital of the Umayyads , al-Ja'ad ibn Dirham first proclaimed his heretical ideas of the “ creation of the Qur'an ” ( chalq al-qurnān ) and for fear of Hisham taking over rule forced the Umayyad ruler to go to Kufa ( Iraq ).

There, too, his heretical attitude became known and he was beheaded in 724 by the Ummayad governor Chālid ibn ʿAbdallāh al-Qasrī on the day of the festival of sacrifice at the foot of the minbar (pulpit) of the mosque. It is reported that Chālid ibn ʿAbdallāh said at the end of his sermon ( chutba ):

« أيها الناس, ضحوا يقبل الله ضحاياكم, فإني مضح بالجعد بن درهم, إنه زعم أن الله لم يتخذ إبراهيم خليلا, ولم يكلم موسى تكليما, تعالى الله عما يقول الجعد بن درهم علوا كبيرا, ثم نزل فذبحه في أصل المنبر. »

“'Oh, you humans, sacrifice, God will accept your sacrifices. However, I will offer al-Jaa'd ibn Dirham because he claimed that God did not make Ibrahim (Abraham) a friend and that he did not actually speak to Musa . God is very exalted above what al-Ja'ad says. ' Then he (al-Qasri) descended and executed him (al-Jad) at the foot of the Minbar. "

- Ibn Kathīr : Biography of al-Jaa'd ibn Dirham from his al-Bidaya wa-n-nihaya  /البداية والنهاية / al-bidāya wa-n-nihāya (fī t-taʾrīḫ)  / 'The beginning and the end (in the story ='

According to adh-Dhahabī, al-Ja'ad was crucified.

His disciple Jahm ibn Safwān , who had followed him to Kufa and defended the teachings of his teacher in the philosophical circles of Termiz and Balkh after his death , was later executed in 743 by the Umayyad governor Nasr ibn Sayyar .

See also

• Hasan al-Basri

literature

• Ibn Kathīr : Biography of al-Jaa'd ibn Dirham in his work The Beginning and the End (in the story) (online at ar.wikisource.org )
• Georges Vajda : Ibn Dirham . In: Encyclopaedia of Islam . Second edition. ISBN 978-90-04-16121-4 .

References and footnotes

1. ↑ There are also other information about the year of death.
2. ↑ That is, as an answer to the question whether the Quran was eternal or was created.
3. ↑ According to Ibn Kathīr , the account of this is contained in al-Bukhari , Ibn Abi Hatim al-Baihaqi , Abdullah ibn Ahmad and in the " story " of Ibn ʿAsākir . In addition to Ibn Kathir, other authors praising this rejection of Jad ibn Dirham by Chālid al-Qasrī - Adh-Dhahabī , Ibn Taimīya and Ibn Qaiyim - are mentioned at: pbs.twimg.com: Speaking About The Misguided From The Mimbar - accessed on 6 July 2014
4. ↑ See sura 4, verse 125: “God took Abraham as a friend” (translation: Rudi Paret )
5. ↑ See sura 4, verse 164: "... and with Moses God really spoke ..." (translation: Rudi Paret)
6. ↑ available online at: ar.wikisource.org: ترجمة الجعد بن درهم (excerpt): “أيها الناس! ضحوا يقبل الله ضحاياكم ، فإني مضح بالجعد بن درهم ، إنه زعم أن الله لم يتخذ إا الوقيم خليهل الوقيم خليهل م يول كعلع يىلع معلع ليهل ميول كعلع يل معلع م يوو م يلوق م يلوق م يىل م علع م يىل م عيل م علي م عيو م يلو م يو م يسل م عيل. ثم نزل فذبحه في أصل المنبر. "
7. ^ Siyar aʿlām an-nubalāʾ . Volume 5, p. 433

Al-Ja'ad ibn Dirham (alternative names of the lemma)
al-Jaa'd ibn dirham; al-Ja'd ibn Dirham