al-Muhtadi (Imam)

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Muhammad al-Muhtadi , or Muhammad I ( Arabic محمد المهتدي, DMG Muḥammad al-Muhtadī ), was the 21st Imam of the Shia of the Nizari Ismailis .

According to Ismaili historiography, al-Muhtadi (the Guided One) was a son of the 20th Imam al-Hadi and was evacuated from Egypt to northern Persia in the region of Alamut in or shortly after 1094 , where he was secretly under the protection of political leaders the Nizarites Hasan-i Sabbāh († 1124), Kiya Buzurg-Umid († 1138) and Muhammad ibn Buzurg-Umid († 1162) could live. The 23rd Imam Hassan II revealed himself to his followers in 1164 as the son of " al-Qahir ibn al-Muhtadi ibn al-Hadi ibn Nizar ". The existence of al-Muhtadi as well as that of the father and son, however, is considered obscure. On the one hand because they lived in secret ( ġaiba ) and on the other hand because recent historiographical works of the Ismailis were destroyed in the Middle Ages. The oldest genealogies of the imams following Nizar date from the 15th and 16th centuries. Sunni chroniclers like Juwaini consider this historiography to be a fiction. According to them, Hassan II was a son of Muhammad ibn Buzurg-Ummid and therefore a false imam.

There is a copy of a letter from the 16th century that was addressed by al-Muhtadi to Syrian followers. According to this letter, his personal name was Muhammad .

literature

  • Farhad Daftary , The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines. Cambridge University Press 1990.
  • Farhad Daftary, The Assassin Legends: Myths of the Ismaʿilis. London 1994.
  • Farhad Daftary, Ismaili Literature: A Bibliography of Sources and Studies. London 2004.

swell

  • Abū Isḥāq Quhistānī († after 1498), "Seven Chapters" (Haft bāb) , ed. and translated into English by Wladimir Ivanow (1959), p. 23.
  • Khayrkhwāh-i Harātī († after 1553), “Wise Speeches” (Kalām-i pīr) , ed. and translated into English by Vladimir Ivanov (1935), p. 44.
  • Ata al-Mulk Dschuwaini , "History of the World Conqueror" ( Ta'rīkh-i Jahāngushāy ) : ed. as a translation into English by John Andrew Boyle, Genghis Khan, the history of the world conqueror (1958), p. 692.

Individual proof

  1. ↑ He called himself "Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Nizar". See Mustafa Ghalib, Tarikh ad-Daw'ah al-Ismai'liyyah (1975), pp. 255-256.
predecessor Office successor
Ali al-Hadi 21. Imam of the Nizari Ismailis Hassan (I.) al-Qahir
personal data
SURNAME Muhtadi, al-
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Muhammad al-Muhtadi; Muhammad I .; محمد المهتدي (Arabic)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Person of Ismaili Shiite Islam, Imam of the Ismailis
DATE OF BIRTH 11th century or 12th century
DATE OF DEATH 12th Century