Aletta Jacobs

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Aletta Jacobs, between 1895 to 1905, photographed by Max Büttinghausen (1847-1906)
Aletta Jacobs 1912
International Congress of Women 1915 in The Hague. 6th from right: Aletta Jacobs
Statue of Aletta Jacobs in front of the University of Groningen

Aletta Henriëtta Jacobs (born February 9, 1854 in Hoogezand-Sappemeer , † August 10, 1929 in Baarn ) was a Dutch doctor and women's rights activist . She was the first woman in the Netherlands to receive a license to practice medicine. In 1882 she founded the world's first birth control clinic.

Life

Aletta Jacobs advocated higher education for women from an early age. In 1870 she was the first woman allowed to attend a grammar school, and a year later she asked the liberal minister Johan Rudolf Thorbecke to be admitted to study medicine at the University of Groningen , which was granted to her in 1871 with a trial period of one year. While still on his deathbed, Thorbecke gave Jacobs permission to take her exams. After successfully passing her exams in 1877 and 1878, she became the first female doctor in the Netherlands and, after completing her doctorate, worked as a family doctor in Amsterdam from 1879 . Aletta Jacobs was not the first Dutch woman to be admitted to university; this was Anna Maria von Schürmann in the 17th century. However, she still had to follow the lectures behind the curtains and did not complete her studies.

In her practice in Amsterdam, Aletta Jacobs held courses in the use of pessaries for contraception and helped women in the lower classes free of charge in addition to her normal consultation hours .

In addition to her work as a doctor, she fought for women's suffrage and in 1894 helped found the nationwide "Association for Women's Suffrage" ( Vereeniging voor Vrouwenkiesrecht ), of which she was chairman from 1903.

During the First World War she organized a peace congress in The Hague , in which well over 1000 women from twelve countries took part. She also gained international fame with her commitment to the "World Association for Women's Suffrage".

She also saw the introduction of passive voting rights for women in the Netherlands in 1917 and active voting rights in 1919.

Aletta Jacobs was married to the politician Carel Victor Gerritsen (1850-1905).

Awards

The "Institute for Women's History" Aletta, instituut voor vrouwengeschiedenis, was named after Aletta Jacobs .

Under the title Aletta H. Jacobs Papers , the correspondence between Alletta Jacobs and other women's rights activists has been included in UNESCO's list of world heritage documents .

Fonts

  • La FEMME et le feminisme. Collection de livres, periodiques etc. on the social condition de la femme et le mouvement feministe. Faisant partie de la bibliotheque de M. et Mme, C. V. Gerritsen (Aletta H. Jacobs) a Amsterdam , Paris 1900
  • Aletta H. Jacobs, Herinneringen , Amsterdam Van Holkema & Warendorf. 1924
  • Vrijzinnig-Democratic Bond. Memorial book 17 Maart 1901-1926. Bijdr. van oa Aletta H.Jacobs en PJOud , 's-Gravenhage 1926
  • "He is nog zoveel te doen op de wereld". Brieven van Aletta H. Jacobs aan de familie Broese van Groenou , Zutphen 1992

literature

  • Wilde, Inge De, Aletta Jacobs in Groningen , Rijksuniversiteit Groningen 1979
  • Bosch, Mineke, Een onwrikbaar looped inrechtvaardigheid: Aletta Jacobs 1854-1929 , Amsterdam Uitgeverij Balans 2005
  • Jacobs, Aletta , in: June Hannam, Mitzi Auchterlonie, Katherine Holden: International encyclopedia of women's suffrage . Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio, 2000, ISBN 1-57607-064-6 , pp. 155f.

Web links

Commons : Aletta Jacobs  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Harm Kaal: To win the votes of women. Effects of women's suffrage on Dutch electoral culture, 1922-1970 . In: Hedwig Richter and Kerstin Wolff (eds.): Women's suffrage. Democratization of Democracy in Germany and Europe . Hamburger Edition, Hamburg 2018, ( ISBN 978-3-8685-4323-0 ), pp. 270–289, p. 270.
  2. ↑ Inge Beijenbergh, Jet Bussmaker: The Women's Vote in the Netherlands: From the 'Houseman's Vote' to full citizenship. In: Blanca Rodríguez-Ruiz, Ruth Rubio-Marín: The Struggle for Female Suffrage in Europe. Voting to Become Citizens. Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden and Boston 2012, ISBN 978-90-04-22425-4 , pp. 175–190, p. 46.
  3. ↑ June Hannam, Mitzi Auchterlonie, Katherine Holden: International Encyclopedia of Women's Suffrage. ABC-Clio, Santa Barbara, Denver, Oxford 2000, ISBN 1-57607-064-6 , p. 208.
  4. ^ Aletta H. Jacobs Papers | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Accessed March 8, 2018 .
personal data
SURNAME Jacobs, Aletta
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Jacobs, Aletta Henriëtta (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Dutch doctor and feminist
DATE OF BIRTH February 9, 1854
PLACE OF BIRTH Hoogezand-Sappemeer
DATE OF DEATH August 10, 1929
Place of death Baarn