Algic languages
Algisch (also Algonkin-Wiyot-Yurok or Algonkin-Ritwan ) is a language family native to North America . It is one of the indigenous American languages .
The Algerian language includes, on the one hand, the subfamily of the Algonquin languages and , on the other hand, the individual languages Yurok and Wiyot in northwestern California , of which it is disputed whether or not they can be combined into a family called Ritwan . Algisch as a language family was first proposed by Edward Sapir in 1913 . The proposal was, however, discussed controversially for a long time until 1958, when further satisfactory evidence could be provided that the languages involved are actually related. Nevertheless, it was not possible to reconstruct an original language.
Original home and distribution area
Victor Golla considers the possibility that Wiyot and Yurok could be the only remnants of an Oregon-Californian dialect chain along the Pacific coast, comparable to the Oregon-Californian Athapaskan , through the expansion of which it was largely displaced. However, there is clear evidence that the two languages were originally spoken much further north, in the Columbia Basin, in the east of what is now Washington State . In addition, some researchers have recently suggested a western origin of the Algonquian languages, after having long suspected their origin in the Great Lakes region . So it is more likely that the common ancestor of the Algerian languages was spoken in the far northwest of what is now the United States, in an area that historically had a very different language group, the inland Salish .
The last Wiyot speaker died in 1962; Only a few speakers can speak Yurok.
Classification of the Algic languages
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Mithun, M. (1999). The Languages of Native North America . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
- ↑ a b Campbell, L. and Mixco, MJ (2007). A Glossary of Historical Linguistics . Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
- ^ Haas, MR (1958). Algonkian-Ritwan: The End of a Controversy. International Journal of American Linguistics , 24 (3): 159-173.
- ^ Proulx, Paul (1984). Proto-Algic I: Phonological Sketch. International Journal of American Linguistics , 50 (2): 165-207.
- ↑ Ethnologue entry for Wiyot
- ↑ Ethnologue entry for Yurok
literature
- Comparativa Algica s. under Algonquian languages
Proto-Algish
- Paul Proulx: Proto-Algic I: Phonological Sketch. In: International Journal of American Linguistics. Vol. 50, No. 2, 1984, ISSN 0020-7071 , pp. 165-207, JSTOR 1265603 .
- Paul Proulx: Proto-Algic II: Verbs. In: International Journal of American Linguistics. Vol. 51, No. 1, 1985, pp. 59-93, JSTOR 1265122 .
- Paul Proulx: Proto-Algic III: Pronouns. In: Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics. Vol. 16, 1991, ISSN 1043-3805 , pp. 129-170, doi: 10.17161 / KWPL.1808.429 .
- Paul Proulx: Proto-Algic IV: Nouns. In: Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics. Vol. 17, No. 2, 1992, pp. 11-57, doi: 10.17161 / KWPL.1808.644 .
- Paul Proulx: Proto-Algic V: Doublets and their Implications. In: Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics. Vol. 19, No. 2, 1994, pp. 115-182, doi: 10.17161 / KWPL.1808.321 .
- Paul Proulx: Proto-Algic VI: Conditioned Yurok Reflexes of Proto Algic Vowels. In: Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics. Vol. 27, 2004, pp. 124-138, doi: 10.17161 / KWPL.1808.1247 .
Wiyot
- Karl V. Teeter: The Wiyot language (= University of California Publications in Linguistics. 37, ISSN 0068-6484 ). University of California Press, Berkeley CA et al. 1964.
- Karl V. Teeter: Wiyot (= Languages of the World. Materials. 194, ZDB -ID 1451298-1 ). LINCOM Europe, Munich 2001.
- Karl V. Teeter, John D. Nichols: Wiyot handbook (= Algonquian and Iroquoian Linguistics. Memoir. 10-11, ZDB -ID 1498290-0 ). 2 volumes (Vol. 1: Glossary and concordance. Vol. 2: Interlinear translation and English index. ). University of Manitoba, Winnipeg 1993, ISBN 0-921064-10-1 (Vol. 1), ISBN 0-921064-11-X (Vol. 2).
Yurok
- Juliette Blevins: Yurok rhotic vowel harmony. Paper read at: SSILA / LSA joint annual meeting, Oakland, CA, Jan 6-9, 2005.
- Andrew Garrett: Reduplication and infixation in Yurok: Morphology, semantics, and diachrony. In: International Journal of American Linguistics. Vol. 67, No. 3, 2001, pp. 264-312, JSTOR 1265988 .
- Andrew Garrett: The evolution of Algic verbal stem structure: new evidence from Yurok. In: Marc Ettlinger, Nicholas Fleisher, Mischa Park-Doob (Eds.): Special Session on the Morphology of Native American Languages. February 13-16, 2004 (= Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. 30, 2004, ISSN 0363-2946 ). Berkeley Linguistics Society, Berkeley CA 2005, pp. 46-60 .
- Robert H. Robins: The Yurok language. Grammar, texts, lexicon (= University of California Publications in Linguistics. 15). University of California Press, Berkeley CA et al. 1958.
- Robert H. Robins: Grammatical hierarchy and the Yurok bipersonal verb. In: Gunter Brettschneider, Christian Lehmann (Hrsg.): Ways to research on universals. Linguistic contributions to the 60th birthday of Hansjakob Seiler (= Tübingen Contributions to Linguistics. 145). Narr, Tübingen 1980, ISBN 3-87808-145-6 , pp. 360-364.
- Edward Sapir : Yurok texts. Edited by Howard Berman. In: Edward Sapir: The Collected Works of Edward Sapir. Volume 14: Victor Golla, Sean O'Neill (Eds.): Northwest California Linguistics. Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin et al. 2001, ISBN 3-11-016432-9 , pp. 1015-1038.
- Esther J. Wood, Andrew Garrett: The semantics of Yurok Intensive infixation. In: Jeannie Castillo (Ed.): Proceedings from the fourth Workshop on American Indigenous Languages, July 6-8, 2001 (= Santa Barbara Papers in Linguistics. 11). University of California Santa Barbara - Department of Linguistics, Santa Barbara CA 2001, pp. 112-126 .
Web links
Linguistic databases
- The Algic Languages in Ethnologue
- The Algic languages in the World Atlas of Language Structures Online