Alijah laTorah
As Alijah laTorah (Hebrew עליה לתורה, Alijah for short ) is the reading of a Torah section in the synagogue in Judaism . Alijah ( Hebrew עליה, plural Alijot ) means ascent, call.
The Torah itself states that it should be read publicly. The rabbis extended this religious duty to weekly readings on Shabbat and later also on market days on Monday and Thursday.
In Yiddish one also speaks of the Ufruf (call) in relation to a special Torah reading for a groom on Shabbat before his wedding .
Historical development, process
Originally, men, women and children were allowed to receive a call to the Torah. In the Tannaitic period (1st / 2nd century), however, this was abolished and it was stipulated that only men may be called after the bar mitzvah . Many non-Orthodox communities have lifted this restriction in the course of equality for women in all religious areas and also call women to the Torah. Following the Mishnah, in Orthodox and some conservative communities, first a Kohen , then a Levi and finally an Israel is called. If no Levi is present, a Kohen that has already been called should be called again in its place ("Kohen bimqom Levi"). However, if there is no Kohen, either a Levi or an Israel can be called in his place, but actually the one with the greatest knowledge of the Torah. If an Israel was called up instead of a Kohen, no Levi is allowed to follow second. In reform communities that reject the special position of the Kohanim resulting from the temple cult and If you question the uninterrupted line of inheritance of the Kohanim since the temple was destroyed, these rules no longer exist. Those who have received an alija are called by the head either by name or by their ranking (“five”, “six”). Everyone who is called to the Torah steps up to the lectern wrapped in a tallit , touches the Torah with the Zizite and speaks the Brachot before the reading. This is followed by the reading of the Torah, the minimum of which is three verses, and no paragraph may begin or end with content that is ominous to Israel.
Originally, the called person read his section himself, from around the 13th century this task was taken over by a so-called Ba'al Qore or Ba'al Q e ri'a (master of reading), a professional Torah reader who read the section after the traditional melody, the so-called tropp.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Described e.g. B. Salomon Ganzfried : Kizzur Schulchan Aruch (1864), Jewish laws and customs. Hebrew dotted text with German translation by Selig Bamberger , Victor Goldschmidt Verlag, 7th edition, Basel 2001, ISBN 3-85705-006-3 , Volume I, pp. 124–135 (Chapter 23)