Torah reading

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The Torah reading ( Hebrew קְרִיאַת הַתּוֹרָה Kriat haTora ) consists of different sections with prayers and actions. It is divided into the time before, during and after the reading of the Torah and finally the section on bringing the Torah back into the Torah shrine .

structure

Before the Torah reading

In the Sephardic tradition, the Torah is raised before the Torah reading. This is called the Levantare ( Hebrew לֶבַנְטר) designated. In addition, the Birchot haTora ( Hebrew בִּרְכוֹת הַתּוֹרָה) - Blessings for Alija laTora - recited. It is the introductory blessing, the preliminary discussion .

The oleh called for reading ( Hebrew עוֹלֶה) says:

בָּרֲכוּ אֶת־יהוה הֵמבוֹרָךְ׃  "  - Siddur Barachu et-Adonai ha-Meworach. "Bless God, those who will be blessed!"

The church responds with the traditional blessing:

בּרוּךְ יהוה הֵמבוֹרָךְ לְעוֹלָם וָעֶד׃  "  - Siddur Baruch Adonai ha-Meworach l'olam Wa'ed. "Blessed be God, who is to be blessed, in all eternity."

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  Levantar, Sephardic

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  Birchot haTora - Before-Beracha

During the Torah reading

During the Torah reading, the prayer leader wears a parasha ( Hebrew פָּרָשָׁה) aloud, the one called to read the Torah oleh ( Hebrew עוֹלֶה) reads along quietly. The oleh then repeats the blessing given by the church and then says:

בּרוּךְ אֵתָּה יהוה אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם׃ \ אֲשֶׁר בָּחַר בָּנוּ מִכָּל הָעַמִּים וְנָתַן־לָנוּ אֶת־תּוֹרָתוֹ׃ \ בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה יהוה נוֹתֵן הַתּוֹרָה׃  "  - Siddur Baruch atah Adonai, Elohejnu melech ha'olam. / Asher bachar-banu mi-Kol-ha'amim we'oten-lanu et-torato. / Baruch atah Adonai, sheet music ha-torah. “Blessed be God, who is to be blessed, in all eternity. / Blessed are you, God our God, King of the world, who has chosen us from among all peoples and has given us his teaching. / Blessed are you, God, giver of teaching. "

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  Torah reading, Ashkenazi

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  Torah reading, Sephardic

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  Torah reading - Parasha, Sephardic

After the Torah reading

After the Torah reading, the Birchot haTora ( Hebrew בִּרְכוֹת הַתּוֹרָה) - Blessings for Alija laTora - recited. It is now the final blessing, the follow-up :

בּרוּךְ אֵתָּה יהוה אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם׃ \ אֱשֶׁר נָתַן־לָנוּ תּוֹרַת אֶמֶת׃ \ וְחיֵי עוֹרַת נָטֵע בְּת וֹכֵנוּ׃ \ בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה יהוה נוֹתֵן  "  - Siddur Baruch atah Adonai, Elohejnu melech ha'olam. / Asher natan-lanu Torat emet. / We'chaiej olam nate be-Tochenu. / Baruch ata Adonai, sheet music ha-torah. "Blessed are you, God our God, King of the world, / who gave us the teaching of truth / and planted eternal life in our midst, / blessed be you, God, giver of teaching."

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  Birchot haTora, text

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  Birchot haTora in the Beth Shalom Synagogue in Afula

After the Torah reading, the prayer leader prays the Half Kaddish , also Chatzi Kaddish ( Hebrew חֲצִי קַדִּישׁ) or ( Hebrew קַדִּישׁ לְעֵילָא) called. Then the Torah scroll is lifted up by the Magbiah ("lifter"). The lifting of the Torah is described as Hagbaha (הַגְבָּהָה). The community speaks:

וְזֹאת הַתּוֹרָה אֲשֶׁר שָׂם מֹשֶׁה לִפְנֵי בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, עַל-פִּי יְהוָה בְּיַד-מֹשֶׁה עֵץ-חַיִּים הִיא לַמַּחֲזִיקִים בָּהּ וְתֹמְכֶיהָ מְאֻשָּׁר. דְּרָכֶיהָ דַרְכֵי-נֹעַם וְכָל-נְתִיבוֹתֶיהָ שָׁלוֹם. אֹרֶךְ יָמִים בִּימִינָהּ בִּשְׂמֹאולָהּ עֹשֶׁר וְכָבוֹד׃  "  - Siddur We-sot hat-tora ascher sam mosque lifneij bneij Yisrael, al pi Adonai be-jad mosche. Etz chaim hi la-machasikim ba we-tomchäja me'uschar. derachäja darchej noam we-chol netiwotäjah shalom. Oräch jamim bimina bi-smola oshär we-chawod. “And this is the teaching which Moshe laid down before the sons of Yisrael, at God's command through Moshe. It is a tree of life to those who hold on to it, and those who consolidate it are a happy circle. Ways of grace are their ways, and all their paths are peace. Lifetime is in her right hand, in her left riches and honor. For the sake of his righteousness God wants him to give teaching ever more greatness and glory. "

The Birkat haGomel ( Hebrew בִּרְכַּת הַגּוֹמֵל, Blessing of Gomel) takes place if the called party has recently been in danger of death, for example in the event of serious illness, surgery, on the plane or in captivity.

According to the Ashkenazi tradition, the golel ("roller") rolls up the Torah. This process is described as gelila (גְּלִילָה). The cover is now put on and decorated with a sash, crown or other decorations.

After the Kaddish - on days when a book of the Nevi'im (prophets) is read aloud - there is a final Alija la Torah through the Maftir ( Hebrew מַפְטִיר), so on Shabbat (Saturdays) and Yom Tov (public holidays) as well as on the afternoons of fasting days and Yom Kippur. The maftir recites verses and describes the sacrifices in the temple in Jerusalem.

Before the Torah is brought back to the Torah shrine, the Torah reading concludes with the Haftara ( Hebrew הַפְטָרָה), a reading from a Nevi'im book. This happens on Shabbat (Saturdays) and Yom Tov (public holiday) as well as in the afternoons of fasting days and Yom Kippur.

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  Hagbaha ( Hebrew הַגְבָּהָה)

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  Gelila ( Hebrew גְּלִילָה)

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  Haftara ( Hebrew הַפְטָרָה)

When returning to the Torah shrine

The following prayer is said as the Torah is lifted into the shrine:

יְהַלְלוּ אֶת-שֵׁם יְהוָה כִּי-נִשְׂגָּב שְׁמוֹ לְבַדּוֹ הוֹדוֹ עַל-אֶרֶץ וְשָׁמָיִם וַיָּרֶם קֶרֶן לְעַמּוֹ, תְּהִלָּה לְכָוו, רְוָּ ָלִבְנֵי יי יו לִבְנֵי ִשְׂרי יו לִבְנֵי רקְל  "  - Siddur Jehallelu ät-shem Adonai ki nishgaw shemo lewado hodu al eretz ve-shamim wa-jaräm keren le-amo, tehila le-chol-chasidaw liwneji yisrael, ahm krowo, hallaluja. “Let the name of God be pronounced in praise of deeds, that his name alone be exalted, his majesty over earth and heaven! When he raised the horn to his people, it is a deed of praise for all those who give themselves in love to him, Jisrael's sons only as the people of ever near him, Hallaluja. "

See also

• Parasha
• Teamim
• Minyan
• Jad

Other religions

• Koran recitation , in Islam
• Scripture reading , in Christianity
• Bible study , private or small group in Protestant Christianity

Web links

• Regular Public Torah Readings on mechon-mamre.org
• Divrei Torah on bible.ort.org
• Return to God: Teshuva - Torah's Studies
• Aliyah Blessings Before and After the Torah Reading on tbtst.org

Commons : Hagbah and Glila  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Commons : Haftarah  - collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

• Gidon Rothstein: Women's Aliyyot in Contemporary Synagogues. In: Tradition. 39, no. 2, Human Sciences Press, New York 2006, OCLC 108964028 , pp. 36-58.
• Joel B. Wolowelsky: On Kohanim and Uncommon Aliyyot. In: Tradition. 39, no. 2, Human Sciences Press, New York 2006, OCLC 108964033 , pp. 59-65.
• Kerry M. Olitzky, Marc Lee Raphael: An encyclopedia of American synagogue ritual. Greenwood Press, Westport 2000, OCLC 42752822 .
• Macy Nulman: The encyclopedia of Jewish prayer: Ashkenazic and Sephardic rites. Jason Aronson, Northvale (NJ) 1993, sv Birkat Hatorah , OCLC 26720618 , p. 106.
• Adin-Even Israel (Rock Salt) : A guide to Jewish prayer. Schocken Books, New York 2000, OCLC 43589085 , p. 259.
• Ze'ev Greenwald: Shaarei halachah: a summary of laws for Jewish living. Feldheim Publications, New York 2000, OCLC 45603980 , pp. 76-77.
• Bernard S. Jacobson: The Sabbath service: an exposition and analysis of its structure, contents, language and ideas. "Sinai" Publications, Tel Aviv 1981, OCLC 8247881 , p. 264.
• Nosson Scherman, Meir Zlotowitz, Sheah Brander: The complete ArtScroll Siddur: weekday, Sabbath, festival: nusach Ashkenaz. Mesorah Publications, Brooklyn 1987, OCLC 471780387 , p. 1041 ( Laws of Prayer , No. 103-104)
• Alexander Marx, Amram ben Sheshna: Investigations on the Siddur of the Gaon R [av] Amram [approx. 875] (עמרם בן ששנה). M. Poppelauer, Berlin 1908, OCLC 27391588 .
• Joseph H. Hertz: The authorized daily prayer book. Bloch Publications, New York 1955, OCLC 13326700 , p. 486.
• Israelitische Cultusgemeinde Zürich (Ed.): Siddur schma kolenu . Verlag Morascha, Basel 2011, OCLC 884483697 (translation by Joseph Scheuer, text editing Albert Richter, editing and concept Edouard Selig).
• Samson Raphael Hirsch : Siddûr tefillôt Yiśrā ʾ ēl, Israel's prayers . Hebrew סִדּוּר תְּפִלּוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל. I. Kauffmann, Frankfurt a. M. 1921, OCLC 18389019 ( archive.org [accessed May 23, 2018]).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Siddur shma kolenu. Basel 2011, p. 80 [Torah reading].
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j} Samson Raphael Hirsch : Siddûr tefillôt Yiśrāʾēl, Israel's prayers. P. 186f.
3. ↑ Siddur shma kolenu. Basel 2011, pp. 80, 81ff. [Torah reading].
4. ↑ Siddur shma kolenu. Basel 2011, p. 81 [Tora reading].