Al ha-Nissim
Al ha-Nissim ( Hebrew עַל הַנִסִּים; dt .: For the miracles ) is a Jewish prayer of thanks . It is z. B. on Hanukkah inserted into the eighteen supplication and grace prayer and also spoken on Purim . The author of the thanksgiving prayer is unknown.
The prayer begins with a general thanks for God's support for the Jews in times past. Depending on the festival, a special event is remembered: At Hanukkah, what the Hasmonean revolt consisted of is briefly summarized , and Purim tells how God prevented Haman from exterminating the Israelites.
Extension to Hanukkah
The extension to Hanukkah is historically problematic because the high priest Jonathan was confused with Johanan, the father of the Hasmonean Mattatias . In contrast to other traditions about Hanukkah, God is shown here exclusively as the conqueror of the Greeks, who in the Hellenistic period , in the 2nd century BC. BC, desecrated the temple in Jerusalem and wanted to suppress Judaism. According to the prayer text, the Jews should only have turned to him again after this act of God and rededicated the temple. The Maccabees Yehuda and the small oil jar, which according to other traditions were sufficient to keep the menorah burning in the temple for eight days, are not mentioned in Al ha-Nissim. This is perhaps due to the disapproval of the Hasmoneans by the Talmudists : As Kohanim , the Hasmoneans were only supposed to do temple service, but they also appropriated secular rule.
history
Prayer has a long tradition; Already in the Talmud Berachot 3:10, where the oldest formulation of the Jewish liturgy is found, the prerequisite for the inclusion of such prayers in the festivities is discussed. According to Ismar Elbogen , the prayer text in modern Siddur editions corresponds almost exactly to the version that has come down to us in the handwritten prayer collections of Raw Awrams , which date from the 9th century.
Some old sources already contain a supplement in which the respective presence of those praying is addressed and the request is expressed to carry out similar deeds at this point in time. According to the halachic tradition, thanksgiving and petitions should not be mixed up, so that this addition is missing in many prayer books. There have also been attempts to introduce such a prayer of thanksgiving on Israeli Independence Day.
Al ha-Nissim was already mentioned in the Tosefta for Hanukkah and Purim. Also Raw Acha ( Hebrew רב אחאי משבחא) calls the prayer in She'iltot ( Hebrew ספר השאילתות). The full prayer text appears for the first time in the Seder Raw Amram ( Hebrew סדר רב עמרם גאון), the oldest known siddur with a large liturgical collection including prayer and ritual regulations, which was written by Amram ben Scheschna. The complete prayer text appears again in the Siddur Saadia Gaon ( Hebrew סידור רס"ג).
description
Al ha-Nissim is recited on the two holidays of Hanukkah and Purim - together with the eighteen supplication and Birkat Hamason . On these holidays it begins with the words after which the prayer was named.
"For the miracles, for the liberation, for the acts of omnipotence, for the victories and for the struggles that you wrought to our fathers in those days at this time:" |
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On Hanukkah, prayer is recited to thank God for the miracles on Hanukkah.
“In the days of Matitjahu, son of Jochanan the high priest, the Hasmonean and his sons, when the tyrannical kingdom of Jawan rose up over your people Yisrael, to make them forget your teaching and to lead them away from the laws of your will: but you with your great one Mercy stood by them in the time of their trouble, led their stance, defended their rights, took their vengeance, handed down the strong into the hands of the weak, many into the hands of a few, the unfair into the hands of purer ones, the lawless into the hands of the righteous, willful sinners into the hands of the few the hand of your teaching of the devoted. You created a great and holy name for you in your world and your people. Yisrael you created a great victory and disenchantment like this day. Afterwards your sons came to the word place of your house, cleared your place of power, cleansed your sanctuary and lit lights in the courtyards of your sanctuary, and founded these eight Chanucka days to confess thanks and pay tribute to your great name. " |
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On Purim the prayer is recited without mentioning the miracles on Purim.
“In Mardochai's and Esther's days, in the Susa residence, when the tyrant Haman rose up over them, wanted to destroy, slaughter and destroy all Jews, from youngsters to old men, children and women, in one day, that is, the thirteenth of the twelfth month the month of Adar, and to surrender their booty to the pillage. But you, with your great mercy, disturbed his plan, thwarted his intention, and let whatever he wanted come back on his head and he and his sons were hung on the gallows. " |
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literature
- Amram ben Scheschna: Seder Raw Amram. Nidpas be-vet defus shel Safragraf, New York 1956, OCLC 49263880 .
- Saadia ben Joseph: The Siddur of Rabbi Saadia Gaon. Frankfurt am Main 1904, OCLC 19196717 (reprint of the Hebrew original edition OCLC 741110377 ).
- Caspar Levias : Otṣar ḥokhmat ha-lashon ( Hebrew אוצר חכמת הלשון). GE Stechert, Leipzig 1913.
- Jakob Levy : Chaldean dictionary on the Targumim and a large part of the rabbinical literature ( Hebrew אוצר לשון התלמודים והמדרשים). Baumgärtner, Leipzig 1868.
See also
Web links
- Explanation of the prayer על הנסים on morfix.co.il
- Explanation of the word הנסים on milog.co.il
- Enciclopedia Jahadut Hebrew אנציקלופדיה יהודית דעת on daat.ac.il
- Al ha-Nissim on zemirotdatabase.org
Individual evidence
- ↑ Langenscheidt Achiasaf Concise Dictionary Hebrew-German. Langenscheidt, Berlin 2004, OCLC 57476235 , p. 373, נִסִּים ונִפְלָאוֹת signs and wonders.
- ↑ a b c d Noemi Berger, Al HaNissim. Religious terms from the world of Judaism , November 28, 2013 at www.juedische-allgemeine.de
- ^ Translation of the insertion for Hanukkah on www.juefo.com
- ↑ Modified version of Wolf Heidenheim's translation of the Ashkenazi variant of the prayer on www.talmud.de
- ↑ a b Short definition of the prayer on www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
- ↑ a b Pinchas Stolper, Isaac Hutner: Chanukah in a new light: grandeur, heroism and depth , Israel Book, Lakewood (NJ) 2005, OCLC 18389019 , p. 24
- ↑ a b c d e f Samson Raphael Hirsch : Siddûr tefillôt Yiśrāʾēl, Israel's prayers, (סדור תפלות ישראל). I. Kauffmann, Frankfurt aM 1895, OCLC 18389019 , p. 150 and p. 151. ( online ).
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