Psuke desimra

Psuke desimra ( Aramaic פְסוּקֵי דְּזִמְרָא; sections of the song) are "psalms in the morning prayer". The psalms are spoken in the Jewish morning prayer ( Shacharit ) and are usually sung by the Chasan during the synagogue service.

description

The purpose of Psuke desimra is so that each person praying can praise the Name of God before supplicating God, which will take place later during the Shacharit and during the day ( Mincha and others). At the beginning, the section consisted exclusively of Psalms 145-150, formed by Jose ben Chalafta in the 2nd century. The extensions came later. For a long time, these prayers were not a compulsory part of regular Jewish worship. Maimonides made them the subject of his works and declared that optimism was a prerequisite for the hymns. They then became a compulsory part of regular Jewish worship. Maimonides also wrote that the prayers had to be sung slowly and with passion.

Content (regular)

"Mismor Schir [...]"	Hebrew מִזְמוֹר - שִׁיר חֲנֻכַּת הַבַּיִת לְדָוִד; German Psalm - song dedicated to the house of David	Psalm 30 EU , recited at the beginning of Psuke desimra .
" Baruch she-amar [...]"	Hebrew "בָּרוּךְ שֶׁאָמַר והיה העולם"; dt. "Blessed, the one who spoke and the world became"	The first opening blessing of P'sukej de-Simra.
" Hodu [...]"	Hebrew "הוֹדוּ לה 'קָרְאוּ בִּשְּׂמוֹ"; dt. "Worship God, proclaim his name"	Thanksgiving
Mismor le Toda	Hebrew מִזְמוֹר לְתוֹדָה; German "Psalm for the acknowledgment of thanks"	Ps 100  EU
" Jehi kewod [...]"	Hebrew "יְהִי כְבוֹד ה 'לעולם"; dt. "The glory of God remains forever"	A series of verses recited during the Pesukei Decimra.
" Baruch Adonai Le'Olam [...] "	Hebrew "בִּרְכַּת בָּרוּךְ ה 'לְעולָם"; dt. "blessed be God forever ..."	Delivered as a blessing after completing the Hallel .
" Wa-jewarech David [...]"	Hebrew "וַיְבָרֶךְ דָּוִיד את ה 'לעֵינִי כל הקָהָל"; dt. "David blessed God before the eyes of the community"	1 Chr 29.10-13  EU
" Atah Hu Adonai le-wadecha "	Hebrew "אַתָּה-הוּא ה 'לְבַדֶּךָ"; dt. "God, it's you alone ..."	Neh 9.6-11  EU
" As Yashir [...] "	Hebrew "אָז יָשִׁיר מֹשֶׁה ובני ישראל"; German "at that time Moses sang ..."	Ex 15.1-18  EU
" Yishtabach [...]"	Hebrew "יִשְׁתַּבַּח שִׁמְךָ לָעַד מַלְכֵּנוּ"; dt. "Your name will be praised forever ..."	Final blessing from Pesukei Dezimra

Content (rest and public holidays)

On the day of rest ( Shabbat ), on holidays with biblical origins and on Hoschana Rabba , various psalms between " Hodu [...]" ( Hebrew "הוֹדוּ לה 'קָרְאוּ בִּשְּׂמוֹ"; German: "Worship God, proclaim his name") and "Jehi kewod [...]" ( Hebrew "יְהִי כְבוֹד ה 'לעולם"; dt. "The glory of God remains forever") added. Because the prayers are not in the hustle and bustle of everyday work.

In the Ashkenazi rite ( Hebrew נוֹסַח אַשְׁכְּנַז; “Nosach Ashkenaz”) the following psalms are also used: 19 , 33 , 34 , 90 , 91 , 135 , 136 , 92 , and 93 .

In the Sephardic Rite ( Hebrew יַהֲדוּת סְפָרַד) the following psalms are used: 103 , 19 , 33 , 90 , 91 , 98 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 , 135 , 136 , 92 , and 93 .

The Nischmat is inserted on rest and public holidays . In the Ashkenazi rite, Schochen Ad , ( Hebrew שׁוֹכֵן עַד), while in the Sephardic Rite Shaw'at Anijim ( Hebrew שַׁוְעַת עֲנִיִים) follows.

Women

There is an argument about whether women should be required or allowed in Psuke desimra. The decisive point is the opinion that the performance of the Psuke desimra is a time-bound commandment. One opinion requires women to recite Psuke desimra in full. Another opinion forbids the recitation of Psuke desimra among women. A third opinion allows but does not require women to recite the Psuke desimra. A fourth opinion allows Psuke desimra to be recited, but forbids certain parts of the section to be recited, including "Baruch sha-Amar [...]" ( Hebrew "בָּרוּךְ שֶׁאָמַר והיה העולם"; dt. "Blessed, the one who spoke and the world became") as well as "Jishtabach [...]" ( Hebrew "יִשְׁתַּבַּח שִׁמְךָ לָעַד מַלְכֵּנוּ"; German: "Your name will be praised forever ...").

The Ashkenazi rite regards Psuke desimra as a compulsory component, provided that Psuke desimra is not a time-bound commandment and may be performed by everyone at any time.

Opinions are divided in the Sephardic Rite. Some opinions allow women to recite psuke desimra, but without blessings.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.morfix.co.il/%D7%A4%D6%B0%D7%A1%D7%95%D6%BC%D7%A7%D6%B5%D7%99%20%D7% 93% D6% B0% D6% BC% D7% 96% D6% B4% D7% 9E% D6% B0% D7% A8% D6% B8% D7% 90
2. ↑ http://www.milog.co.il/ זמר
3. ↑ Siddur shma kolenu. German transl. Raw Joseph Scheuer, arr. Albert Richter / Edouard Selig, ed. Israelitische Cultusgemeinde Zürich, Verlag Morascha, Basel 1996 / 9th edition 2011, p. 40 (Psuke Desimra / Psalmen im Morgengebet)
4. ^ The Complete Artscroll Siddur, p. 58
5. ↑ Hayim Halevy Donin: To pray as a Jew: a guide to the prayer book and the synagogue service . Basic Books, New York 1980, p. 168.
6. ↑ Hayim Halevy Donin: To pray as a Jew: a guide to the prayer book and the synagogue service . Basic Books, New York 1980, pp. 168f.
7. ↑ Hirsch, p. 45f
8. ↑ Hirsch, p. 46f
9. ^ Hirsch, p. 55
10. ↑ Hirsch, p. 79
11. ^ Hirsch, p. 93
12. ^ Hirsch, p. 93
13. ^ Hirsch, p. 95
14. ↑ Hirsch, p. 96f
15. ↑ Hirsch, p. 103
16. ↑ Hirsch, p. 46f
17. ↑ Hirsch, p. 79
18. ↑ Hayim Halevy Donin: To pray as a Jew: a guide to the prayer book and the synagogue service , Basic Books, New York 1980, p. 178.
19. ^ William L. Holladay: The Psalms Through Three Thousand Years: Prayerbook of a Cloud of Witnesses . Augsburg Fortress, Minneapolis 1996, ISBN 978-0-8006-3014-0 , p. 142.
20. ^ William L. Holladay: The Psalms Through Three Thousand Years: Prayerbook of a Cloud of Witnesses . Augsburg Fortress, Minneapolis 1996, ISBN 978-0-8006-3014-0 , p. 142.
21. ^ William L. Holladay: The Psalms Through Three Thousand Years: Prayerbook of a Cloud of Witnesses . Augsburg Fortress, Minneapolis 1996, ISBN 978-0-8006-3014-0 , p. 142.
22. ↑ Hirsch, p. 45f
23. ↑ Hirsch, p. 103
24. ↑ getsel Ellinson: The modest way: a guide to the rabbinic sources. Philipp Feldheim, Jerusalem 1992. ISBN 978-1-58330-148-7 , p. 170.
25. ↑ getsel Ellinson: The modest way: a guide to the rabbinic sources. Philipp Feldheim, Jerusalem 1992. ISBN 978-1-58330-148-7 , p. 171.
26. ↑ getsel Ellinson: The modest way: a guide to the rabbinic sources. Philipp Feldheim, Jerusalem 1992. ISBN 978-1-58330-148-7 , p. 184.

literature

• Siddûr tefillôt Yiśrāʾēl , translated and explained by Samson Raphael Hirsch . Kauffmann, Frankfurt am Main 1895, 3rd edition 1921.