Universal transformation

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Niels Høeg , Nordisk Skakforbund (1905), 6th Honorable Mention
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Checkmate in three moves

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In an all-conversion (abbreviated AUW ) in a chess composition , a pawn (or several) is converted into all conceivable pieces, i.e. queen, rook, bishop and knight in different variants or different moves of the same variant, whereby the type of conversion affects the solution Has. Any conversion within the framework of the solution path, whereby the type of the converted figure has no influence on the later mate path, is not an all-conversion i. S. d. Problem chess. This does not only apply to white: a defensive “all-conversion”, in which white subsequently mates (using the same solution, regardless of which piece Black has chosen), is not an all-conversion. In fairytale chess , an all-round transformation with fairytale stones is sometimes referred to as a super AUW.

Creating an all-conversion of a farmer in the same field as a three-man was one of the great compositional tasks of the late 19th century. Composers named Geyerstam, Shinkman , Sherrard and Meyer published proposals for solutions with various shortcomings from 1882 onwards. It was not until 1905 that the Dane Niels Høeg realized the first perfect universal transformation, which he had worked on for twelve years:

White moves and mates in 3 moves. The key move is 1. f6 – f7 with the variants:

1.… Ke6 – d6 (analogous to e5 – e4 ) 2. f7 – f8D + Kd6 – c6 (e6) 3. Qf8 – c5 (e7) #
1.… e5xf4 2. f7 – f8T Ke6 – d6 3. Rf8 – f6 #
1.… e5xd4 2. f7 – f8L Ke6 – f6 3. Ra7 – a6 #
1.… Ke6 – f6 2. f7 – f8S e5xd4 3. Ra7 – f7 #

In the second and third variant, the conversion of the pawn into a queen would jeopardize, in the last there would be no mate - the respective sub-conversion is the only solution.

The all-conversion can also take place one after the other by different farmers, as in the study by Jan Rusinek .

All conversions are also part of more demanding topics and found their culmination in the Babson task .

The word Allumwandlung was adopted as Germanism in many languages, including English and Russian .

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