Old town (Büdingen)
Plan of the entire old town
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In terms of settlement history, the old town of Büdingen encompasses the two settlements of the old town and the new town that were built in the middle ages west of the castle on a planned layout . The two parts of the township, which had been united into one town since 1428, were surrounded by a fortification system - still clearly recognizable today - by Count Ludwig II of Ysenburg (1461-1511) between 1490 and 1503 . Within this structure, in addition to several feudal residential buildings of the House of Ysenburg and sacred buildings, there is a uniquely closed collection of artisan, arable citizen and Burgmann houses.
Because of its scientific, historical and artistic importance, the old town is a listed building as a whole.
Demarcation
The entire old town is delimited by the Am Gebück path , in the east by the dam on the Oberhof, by parts of the city wall and along the parcel boundary following the course of the outer bailey along the Marstall in a southerly direction to the Seemenbach, in the south by the Seemenbach including the Mühltorbrücke to the Lohsteg and to the west following the Lohsteg past the Untertor including the city moat and the Am Rosenkranzchen path including the Hirschgraben back to the Am Gebück path .
history
The development of the city of Büdingen started with the moated castle, which was built in the middle of the 12th century by the noble free Hartmann von Büdingen . With its construction, the core of the settlement in the valley of the Seemenbach shifted from the Remigius Church, built around 1000, to the east. Under the protection of the castle, settlements developed on both sides of the river on its southwest side: on the right bank, in the area of today's Schloßgasse , those of the Burgmannen , on the left bank on the edge of the Reichsforstes, in the area of today's Kellergasse , those of the forest people . This settlement was called a city as early as 1321 . On July 26, 1330, Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian gave Luther von Ysenburg , the Lord of Büdingen, market rights for his city, and by 1350 the fortification consisting of a system of ramparts, moats, a city wall and gate towers was completed.
Since the old town could no longer accommodate the rapidly increasing population, a new settlement was established in the middle of the 14th century in a northerly direction towards the slope and separated from the old town by a dam. It was mostly inhabited by craftsmen. As in the old town, it was built according to plan with alleys converging at right angles. From around 1390 onwards, it was also surrounded by a fortification and received the same rights as the old town during this time.
In 1428 the old town and new town were united into one town and Ludwig II of Ysenburg had a joint fortification built from 1490 onwards. Presumably with knowledge of fortress construction in Italy, a very modern system from a fortification point of view of a double wall ring, mighty ramparts and a moat was created, in which the already existing systems were partly included. In 1503, the construction of the Jerusalem Gate culminated in its crowning glory. Only more than a century later, with the leveling of the embankment between the old town and new town, the inner unity of the town was structurally completed. As a result, public life shifted away from Schlossplatz to the market square that was newly created at this central location.
Until the beginning of the 18th century, the old town remained the only settlement focus. Then Ernst Casimir I. von Ysenburg initiated the first phase of urban expansion with the construction of the suburb .
description
The centuries-old rule of one family and barely noticeable economic progress during the early phases of industrialization in the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century meant that the medieval urban structure of Büdingen was almost completely preserved.
Both original cities have the planned floor plan typical of the city foundations of the Staufer period . This uniformity was reinforced by the joint fortification of the old town and new town at the end of the 15th century. Despite the closed appearance, no distinctly local building types can be detected in Büdingen.
The feudal residential buildings of the House of Ysenburg, the Liebfrauenkirche and two buildings for public use, the town hall and the Gasthaus zum Schwan - all built as massive stone buildings - stand out from the collection of mostly half-timbered town houses and craftsmen's houses .
literature
- "Monuments in Hessen" , ed. from the State Office for Monument Preservation Hesse. Siegfried RCT Enders u. Christoph Mohr - Braunschweig, Wiesbaden: Vieweg. (Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany) NE: Enders, Siegfried RCT [Hrsg.]; Hessen / State Office for Monument Preservation Wetteraukreis. 1. (1982) ISBN 3-528-06231-2
Web links
Coordinates: 50 ° 17 '34 " N , 9 ° 6' 58" E