District (Habsburg Monarchy)
Between 1853 and 1867, an administrative district was the rayon of a district office, which represented the first level of administration in the Habsburg monarchy .
creation
The administrative districts or the district offices were created in the course of the reforms after 1848, whereby the advertising districts were oriented and directly subordinate to the district administrations, whose tasks they largely took over. The official effectiveness of the district authorities was determined by a resolution of September 14, 1852 and announced in Reichsgesetzblatt No. 10 in 1853, after they had been proposed by Interior Minister Alexander von Bach in 1849 as part of a reorganization of the administrative apparatus. Because with the upheaval in 1848 , the individual citizens faced the authorities for the first time and no longer the now dissolved gentlemen , which entailed significant additional expenditure.
District Office
The district offices thus became the lowest sovereign authority in all matters not expressly regulated otherwise. They became the first instance in court and tax matters in particular. With the establishment of district offices, the district offices rose to become superordinate authorities. District offices were set up in all crown lands in order to combine the autonomously established local communities of an area into the lowest state administrative unit. At the head of each district there was a district head who had overall responsibility and at the same time supervised the subordinate tax office. From 1854 onwards one spoke of mixed district offices in which administration and justice were not yet separated.
tasks
The widespread job portfolio included not only the sovereign administration and the judiciary, such as maintaining security, conscription or putting measures in the event of a disaster, for example, also the maintenance of roads, the lending of commercial powers to issue home certificates , custody of the poor - and nursing and much more.
resolution
1868 county and district offices were dissolved and the still existing district authorities transferred. In the meanwhile separated area of the judiciary, these structures survived in the form of district courts and district courts (today: regional courts ), which is why the districts largely coincided with the subsequent judicial districts.
swell
- Reichs-Gesetz-Blatt for the Austrian Empire, year 1853, Item IV, No. 10.
literature
- Thomas Stockinger: Districts as new administrative areas: The establishment of the state district administration in the core countries of the Habsburg Monarchy after 1848. From: Administory. Administrative History Journal. Volume 2, 1917. ISSN 2519-1187 online