Advertising district

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An advertising district is a historical administrative unit of the 18th and 19th centuries in Austria . The word is derived from recruiting for military service.

Basics

Advertising districts had the task of taking care of the administrative matters for the recruitment of soldiers and cattle for the regiments in the army of the Habsburg Empire . The establishment of the advertising districts took place from 1770 in connection with the census and house numbering. The basis is a patent from Maria Theresa dated March 10, 1770 on the “introduction of an ordentl. and constant recruiting system and separate regimental advertising areas ”. Two additional patents from 1771 and a circular (Kurrende) from July 3, 1773 contained further provisions.

Scope and development

Advertising districts consisted of several numbering sections . A manor that seemed suitable because of its size and location ("advertising district authority") was assigned the numbering sections to one or more parishes for administration. In general, the areas of several present-day communities were combined in the advertising districts. The boundaries of the advertising districts cannot always be precisely determined for the beginning of their existence, the second half of the 18th century, because there were no precise maps at the time of their establishment. Numbering sections of large parishes were partially divided between several lords. Since there were parishes that consisted of several unconnected parts, advertising districts with several parts also emerged.

The seat of an advertising district was usually the seat of a larger manor, which was not always in the area of ​​the numbering sections assigned to it. There was an "advertising district commissioner" who was usually an employee of this manor. The manor had to bear the costs of the associated activities itself. This concentrated the workload on individual manors, whereas other manors remained unaffected. The boundaries of the advertising districts have changed frequently. One of the main reasons for border changes was, besides the complaints about the uneven burden on the advertising district rulers, the reorganization of the parishes through the parish regulation from 1783 to 1785. For example, of the 280 Styrian advertising districts in 1779 in 1848, only 45 remained unchanged within their boundaries.

In addition to military matters, the advertising districts were also used for other tasks, such as B. for the organization of the work on the cadastral records or for the tax collection, whereby advertising districts were also called "tax districts". This led to lawsuits from the mansions, where the seat of an advertising district was located: the facilities originally created for military purposes had become administrative authorities, but the costs of the advertising district commissioners and their official expenses still had to be borne by the originally established manor. After a long period of pertinent demands, which had been collected from 1791, the advertising district boundaries were changed at the beginning of the 19th century, which led to a relief of the manors.

An expert opinion by the Graz Gubernium from March 24, 1812 shows that the advertising districts offered advantages because they had a closed area and “the chamber and the municipalities would cost almost nothing” (because the manors still had to bear the costs). The uniform advertising districts were necessary for what was then Styria because Graz, for example, had 2,656 houses, of which only 453 belonged to the magistrate and the remaining 2203 houses belonged to various foreign manors. It was no different with the manors in rural areas: subjects of the Rein monastery, for example, were scattered from the Cillier district to the Salzkammergut . The passing on of costs to the manors was made clear as a point of criticism. The advertising district commissioners are to be described as state officials, on whose efficiency, honesty and zeal the execution of government measures depends. But they are employed and paid by private individuals, they are not dependent on any state agency and do not even take an oath of service.

With the dissolution of the manors through the administrative reforms after 1848, the organizational foundations of the advertising districts also ceased. The advertising districts went into the new administrative organization.

Effects

The advertising districts with the territorial status from the middle of the 19th century were replaced by the authorities of the new administration, but the advertising districts were replaced by administrative districts , which were largely set up for the same areas as the advertising districts. These administrative districts became court districts by the court organization on October 9, 1849. The advertising districts had become judicial districts. But it also happened that an advertising district (Trautenburg) became a political municipality unchanged ( Leutschach in the scope of 1850). Only a few advertising districts retained their areas in the original extent from around 1779. In Styria, for example, this was the case with the advertising districts “ Pflindsberg ” and “Gallenstein”, some of which existed as judicial districts of Bad Aussee (dissolved in 2004) and St. Gallen (dissolved in 1968) into the 21st century.

After the reforms from 1850 onwards, administrative affairs were separated from court affairs by the establishment of district authorities in 1868. Former advertising district areas, now judicial districts, remained as districts of the district courts. These court blocks existed until the court reforms in the 1970s, and some of them still exist today. The adoption of the advertising district areas in the organization of the authorities in the middle of the 19th century is one of the reasons why the areas of responsibility of the courts of first instance ( district courts ) in Austria do not always coincide with the areas of responsibility of the administrative authorities of first instance ( district authorities ).

literature

  • Manfred Straka: Administrative boundaries and population development in Styria 1770-1850. Explanations for the first delivery of the Historical Atlas of Styria. Research on the historical regional studies of Styria, XXXI. Tape. Published by the Historical Commission for Styria - HLK. Self-published by HLK. Graz 1978. Pages 28-39.
  • Manfred Straka: Numbering sections and advertising areas of Styria 1779/81. Maps on a scale of 1: 300,000. In: Historical Atlas of Styria . Published by the Historical Commission for Styria - HLK. Academic printing and publishing company . Graz 1977 1st delivery: Administrative boundaries and population development in Styria 1770–1850. Sheets 2 (North sheet) and 3 (South sheet).
  • Manfred Straka: Tax communities and advertising districts of Styria 1798–1810. Maps on a scale of 1: 300,000. In: Historical Atlas of Styria . Published by the Historical Commission for Styria - HLK. Academic printing and publishing company. Graz 1977. 1st delivery: Administrative boundaries and population development in Styria 1770–1850. Sheets 4 (North sheet) and 5 (South sheet).
  • Manfred Straka: cadastral communities and advertising districts of Styria 1818–1848. Maps on a scale of 1: 300,000. In: Historical Atlas of Styria . Published by the Historical Commission for Styria - HLK. Academic printing and publishing company. Graz 1977. 1st delivery: Administrative boundaries and population development in Styria 1770–1850. Sheets 6 (North sheet) and 7 (South sheet).
  • Manfred Straka: The political division of Styria in 1850. Maps on a scale of 1: 300,000. In: Historical Atlas of Styria . Published by the Historical Commission for Styria - HLK. Academic printing and publishing company. Graz 1977. 1st delivery: Administrative boundaries and population development in Styria 1770–1850. Sheets 8 (sheet north) and 9 (sheet south).
  • Manfred Straka: The establishment of the numbering sections in Styria in 1770 as a preliminary stage for the tax communities. In: Ferdinand Tremel (ed.): Festschrift for Otto Lamprecht. Graz 1968. Special volume No. 16 of the magazine of the Historical Association for Styria - ZHStV. Pages 138-150.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Straka: Administrative Boundaries , page 28.
  2. ↑ Straka: Administrative Boundaries , page 31.
  3. ↑ Straka: Administrative Boundaries , page 30.
  4. ^ Straka: Verwaltungsgrenzen , pp. 31–32.
  5. ^ Straka: administrative boundaries , page 33.
  6. ↑ a b Straka: Administrative Boundaries , page 39.
  7. ↑ Ordinance of the Federal Government on the amalgamation of district courts and the districts of the remaining district courts in Styria (District Courts Ordinance Styria), Austrian Federal Law Gazette II No. 82/2002 and No. 190/2002.
  8. ^ Straka: Administrative Boundaries , page 29.