Numbering section

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Remnants of the administrative organization of the 18th century in the streetscape of the 21st century: Conscriptions-N ro in Vienna III.

A numbering section is a historical administrative unit from the 18th century in Austria . Numbering sections are also called Konskriptionsgemeinden or Konskriptionsortschaften (from Latin: conscribere for describe , write down , write together ).

Basics

The reorganization of the Austrian army after the experience of the Seven Years' War was one of the reasons to reliably determine the population of the individual places and to keep the relevant records up to date. This became necessary because the individual regiments were assigned certain areas from whose population the recruitment had to be made. The organization of the manors and parishes was no longer sufficient for this. And even in those crown lands in which there were territorial districts of jurisdiction, these did not include the entire population (the nobility and clergy were not subject to them), and the districts were of very different sizes. In censuses, there were fluctuations in the population figures of 39% within a few years. As early as 1748, attempts were made to reform tax collection in Austria. The property was estimated and recorded according to the earnings value (Maria-Theresian tax rectification).

With two patents from Maria Theresa dated March 10, 1770, the basis was created to carry out a general population census including census of migrating cattle and numbering of houses . Furthermore, a recruiting system for the regiments of the army was to be set up according to advertising districts . On the other hand, resistance arose - ultimately unsuccessful - because the measures were viewed as an interference with the administrative rights of the landlords and the legal status of the estates .

It was not the first time that houses were recorded in Austria, but it was the most comprehensive to date. Counts had already taken place earlier for land registers and similar documents, which were also associated with the numbering of houses. In some cases, the numbers were linked to house names , for example at house N ° 108 Steinerne Jungfrau , a house in the Old Town Thein district in Prague. Not every old number of a house therefore has to come from the count in the numbering sections.

With the "Conscription and Recruiting Patent" Franz II of October 25, 1804, the system of recording population, migrating cattle and houses was significantly refined, detailed rules for recording were drawn up and multi-page recording forms were announced. This patent also contains regulations on the conduct of the data entry officers, their travel and records.

Emergence

They wanted to create small administrative units that included all settlements, the entire population and the entire land area. The first step was that the census had to be done according to localities , thus according to small, self-contained territorial units. On the one hand, this was the difference to the manors, whose areas could be scattered, and on the other hand to the parishes, which could cover larger areas with several localities. The connection to localities and the counting by houses also avoided the difficulties that arose from the manorial organization because there were villages in which almost every peasant was subject to a different rule. The distribution of subjects of a manorial rule to over 70 conscription communities is documented. The breakdown by locality led to the term "numbering section", which was neutral to the terms used up until then. The numbers assigned to houses were called conscription numbers .

The officials of the district administrations first had to record the persons on the basis of the church records . Army officers were used to count the houses (and draft animals) and to number the houses. Implementing regulations were issued for this purpose, but they did not regulate all the details, so that different procedures resulted. In some regions, for example in Styria, the organization according to parishes of the Catholic Church was usually the basis. Elsewhere, in Carinthia, for example, the parishes were so fragmented that the records of the jurisdictions were used as a guide when recording the buildings. When numbering the houses, one generally proceeded purely according to topographical conditions. The area of ​​a parish only has a numbering section in its entirety if it comprised a single settlement, as was the case, for example, with Stainz with 71 houses and 581 “souls” (inhabitants). Contiguous places were recorded as units and given consecutive house numbers, even if these places were intersected by parish or jurisdiction boundaries. The conscription officers endeavored to “record each named place as a separate numbering section according to the customary local terms”. In the case of larger parishes in rural areas, the number of numbering sections could be increased, for example at Groß Sankt Florian with 38 such sections. In some areas with scattered houses, where there were no existing names, several farms and houses were combined and this "area" was given a name like a place.

A rule about the average size of numbering sections cannot be established: There was a section with 888 houses and 11,066 souls ( Graz Murvorstadt), on the other hand there was sections without houses (Sasavie on the Save near Rann ) or very few houses (three houses and ten souls : Tobelbad ) or sections like a Weingartenried near St. Ruprecht east of Marburg with eight vineyard houses without a single inhabitant.

The numbering sections only included a sum of houses, they did not contain any area information and gave no boundaries. There was no survey work involved in creating these sections.

The numbering sections were also referred to as conscription sections or conscription communities . This is due to their bases on the choice of words where the words describe , konskribieren and numbering are used interchangeably. “Conscription” is also used several times in the “Conscription and Recruiting Patent” of Emperor Franz II. In the literature, the word "Konskriptionsgemeinde" was used at least from the 19th century. Up until the end of the 18th century, a distinction was sometimes made between places (closed settlements) and areas (scattered settlements); in the 19th century, the uniform term locality became established , which thus took on a meaning that deviated from the general usage.

Effects

The numbering sections and the names derived from them, such as conscription number and conscription community, are still in effect today.

The numbering sections initially became the basis of the tax communities created in 1784. However, it was envisaged that a tax municipality should contain at least 40 or 50 houses, so smaller numbering sections were combined to form a tax municipality, which was then usually given the name of the largest numbering section. Tax communities recorded the properties that belonged to the houses already recorded in the numbering sections. With the boundaries of these plots, the area of ​​a municipality could be more precisely determined for the first time. From 1825 this information was used for the work on the cadastral communities of the land and tax cadastre . The cadastral communities, in turn, formed the basis of the regional reforms in the years after 1848, from which today's political communities emerged. There are a number of numbering sections, the scope of which has not changed since 1770 and which exist or existed as political communities in the 21st century, such as Osterwitz (only part of Deutschlandsberg from 2015 ), Vordernberg or Wildalpen , whose area 1770 with 170 houses and 1517 People was the largest spatial numbering section in Styria. Further numbering sections have become cadastral communities of the current land registers . Other numbering sections were rearranged when the tax districts were created or in the course of the cadastral organization. In Styria alone, the 3576 numbering sections from 1770 until the Josephine tax cadastre was completed in 1789 only became 2620 tax communities.

It can therefore not simply be assumed that the conscription numbers that were assigned to the houses of the numbering sections in the years after 1770 remained as property numbers in the years after 1825 or later as deposit numbers in the land register. The framework conditions for assigning property numbers changed several times (e.g. when numbering buildings with numbers with or without a period in front of them). After the property was divided, new deposit figures were created. Whether the current deposit numbers correspond to the numbers of the numbering sections can only be proven in individual cases through research. There is no general rule for this. In Vienna the numbering scheme was renewed after 25 years, in 1795. The third renumbering took place in 1821, and another one in the course of the creation of the land register in 1874. A building could therefore have five different conscription numbers over a period of just over a hundred years.

If there is no house number for a specific street for a building because (e.g. in rural areas) no such numbers have been assigned for access roads, a "conscription number" is sometimes still used as the house number (ordinal number) in the 21st century, at least temporarily . This means that the technical term of the 18th century is used in the present, regardless of whether the number itself is derived from the deposit number in the land register or other sources. The abbreviation “KG” is also used in Austria for Konskriptionsgemeinden and for cadastral communities, which can lead to confusion.

literature

  • Anton Tantner: Order of Houses, Description of Souls - House Numbering and Soul Conscription in the Habsburg Monarchy. Studien-Verlag Innsbruck 2007. Wiener Schriften zur Geschichte der Neuzeit, Volume 4. ISBN 978-3-7065-4226-5 . Based on the dissertation at the University of Vienna (PDF; 2.9 MB), Faculty of Humanities and Cultural Studies, 2004.
  • Anton Tantner: The house number: a story of order and disorder. Jonas-Verlag Marburg 2007. ISBN 978-3-89445-384-8 .
  • Patent Maria Theresa No. 1178 of March 10, 1770: Collection of all kk ordinances and laws from the years 1740 to 1780, some of which still exist under the government of Emperor Joseph II, some of which have been changed , as an auxiliary and Supplementary book to the handbook of all ordinances and laws issued for the imperial hereditary countries under the government of Emperor Joseph II in a chronological order . Sixth volume. With the most gracious freedom. Published by Joh.Georg Mößle, kk priv. Bookseller 1786 (Theresian law book) page 170 (lower third) and page 171
  • Patent Franz II. No. 4 of October 25, 1804 "Conscription and Recruiting Patent" : His kk Majesty Franz des Zweyten political laws and ordinances for the Austrian, Bohemian and Galician hereditary countries. Volume three and twentieth which contains the ordinances from October 1st to December last, 1804. Vienna 1807. Kk Hof- und Staats-Druckerey. (Political Laws and Ordinances 1792-1848, Collection of Political Laws PGS) page 3 to page 131 .
  • Manfred Straka: Administrative boundaries and population development in Styria 1770-1850. Explanations for the first delivery of the Historical Atlas of Styria. Research on the historical regional studies of Styria, XXXI. Tape. Published by the Historical Commission for Styria - HLK. Self-published by HLK. Graz 1978. Pages 19-24.
  • Manfred Straka: Numbering sections and advertising areas of Styria 1779/81. Maps on a scale of 1: 300,000. In: Historical Atlas of Styria . Published by the Historical Commission for Styria - HLK. Academic printing and publishing company . Graz 1977 1st delivery: Administrative boundaries and population development in Styria 1770–1850. Sheets 2 (North sheet) and 3 (South sheet).
  • Manfred Straka: Tax communities and advertising districts of Styria 1798–1810. Maps on a scale of 1: 300,000. In: Historical Atlas of Styria . Published by the Historical Commission for Styria - HLK. Academic printing and publishing company. Graz 1977. 1st delivery: Administrative boundaries and population development in Styria 1770–1850. Sheets 4 (North sheet) and 5 (South sheet).
  • Manfred Straka: cadastral communities and advertising districts of Styria 1818–1848. Maps on a scale of 1: 300,000. In: Historical Atlas of Styria . Published by the Historical Commission for Styria - HLK. Academic printing and publishing company. Graz 1977. 1st delivery: Administrative boundaries and population development in Styria 1770–1850. Sheets 6 (North sheet) and 7 (South sheet).
  • Manfred Straka: The political division of Styria in 1850. Maps on a scale of 1: 300,000. In: Historical Atlas of Styria . Published by the Historical Commission for Styria - HLK. Academic printing and publishing company. Graz 1977. 1st delivery: Administrative boundaries and population development in Styria 1770–1850. Sheets 8 (sheet north) and 9 (sheet south).
  • Manfred Straka: The establishment of the numbering sections in Styria in 1770 as a preliminary stage for the tax communities. In: Ferdinand Tremel (ed.): Festschrift for Otto Lamprecht. Graz 1968. Special volume No. 16 of the magazine of the Historical Association for Styria - ZHStV. Pages 138-150. (accessed August 17, 2019).
  • Manfred Straka: Contributions to the population and social history of Styria in the 18th century . ZHStV No. 55, year 1964. Pages 47–58.
  • Alfred Gürtler: The censuses of Maria Theresa and Josef II. 1753-1790. Innsbruck 1909. Verlag Wagner.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gernot Peter Obersteiner: The Styrian district authorities 1868 to 1918  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . @1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.verwaltung.steiermark.at  In: Communications from the Styrian State Archives. Volume 43, 1993. Page 80.
  2. ^ A b Martin Wutte: The formation of the communities in Carinthia. in: Carinthia I. Messages from the History Association for Carinthia. 113th year (1923), p. 13.
  3. ^ Straka: Administrative Boundaries , page 28.
  4. ↑ a b Straka: Administrative Boundaries , page 19.
  5. ^ Werner Ogris : State and legal reforms . In: Walter Koschatzky : Maria Theresia and her time. A depiction of the period from 1740–1780 on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the empress' death. Residenz Verlag 1979. ISBN 3-7017-0236-5 . Page 38.
  6. ↑ Steiermärkisches Landesarchiv: Finanzarchive und Kataster ( Memento of the original of August 18, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . (accessed October 17, 2010). @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.verwaltung.steiermark.at
  7. ^ Straka: administrative boundaries , page 20.
  8. ↑ Jörg Konrad Hoensch: History of Bohemia: from the Slavic conquest to the present. Publishing house CH Beck . 3rd edition Munich 1997. ISBN 3-406-41694-2 . Page 282. Hoensch, Geschichte Böhmens, Page 282 in the Google book search.
  9. ↑ Tantner: Dissertation , page 32nd
  10. ↑ Registration forms 1804. Pages 79–131.
  11. ↑ Itinerary , conscription books , etc .: page 99.
  12. ^ A b c Martin Wutte: The formation of the communities in Carinthia. in: Carinthia I. Messages from the History Association for Carinthia. 113th year (1923), p. 14.
  13. ^ A b Carl Schmutz: Historisch-topographisches Lexicon von Steyermark. Volume 3., page 46. Schmutz, Historisch-topogr. Lexicon, vol. 3, page 46 in the Google book search (beginning of the 3rd paragraph from the top).
  14. ^ Straka: administrative boundaries , page 21.
  15. ^ Straka: Administrative Boundaries , page 22.
  16. ^ A b Martin Wutte: The formation of the communities in Carinthia. in: Carinthia I. Messages from the History Association for Carinthia. 113th year (1923), p. 15.
  17. ^ Straka: Administrative Boundaries, pp. 21-23.
  18. ↑ a b Straka: Administrative Boundaries , page 23.
  19. ^ Straka: Tax communities (map).
  20. ↑ Martin Wutte: The formation of the communities in Carinthia. in: Carinthia I. Messages from the History Association for Carinthia. 113th year (1923), p. 19.
  21. ^ Straka: cadastral communities (map).
  22. ^ Straka: political classification (map).
  23. ^ Straka: Administrative Boundaries , pages 25 and 27.
  24. ↑ His Majesty Franz the First political laws and ordinances for the Austrian, Bohemian and Galician hereditary countries (so-called PGS - Political Law Collection). From the k. k. Hof- und Staats-Aerial-Druckerey. Vienna 1816. Born in 1795. Volume 6. ZDB -ID 1463790-x . Pages 144-145. Preservation of the house number in the city of Vienna and in the suburbs. Government ordinance to the magistrate of March 9th , announcement of March 17th. Renewed by ordinance of the Vienna City Administration of September 12th . Vienna 1816. Year 1795. Volume 7, pages 60–61.
  25. ↑ Using the example of the address Köllnerhofgasse 3, whose house received the conscription numbers 759, 1379, 784, 738 and 647 over the decades: Anton Tantner: Die Hausummerierungen . In: Sylvia Mattl-Wurm, Alfred Pfoser: The measurement of Vienna. Lehmann's address books 1859–1942. Metroverlag Vienna 2011. ISBN 978-3-99300-029-5 . Page 262.