Vordernberg
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market community Vordernberg
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| coat of arms | Austria map | |
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| Basic data | ||
| Country: | Austria | |
| State : | Styria | |
| Political District : | Leoben | |
| License plate : | LN | |
| Surface: | 27.87 km² | |
| Coordinates : | 47 ° 29 ' N , 15 ° 0' E | |
| Height : | 820 m above sea level A. | |
| Residents : | 964 (January 1, 2020) | |
| Postal code : | 8794 | |
| Area code : | 03849 | |
| Community code : | 6 11 18 | |
| NUTS region | AT223 | |
| Address of the municipal administration: |
Hauptplatz 2 8794 Vordernberg |
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| Website: | ||
| politics | ||
| Mayor : | Walter Hubner ( SPÖ ) | |
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Municipal Council : ( 2020 ) (15 members) |
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| Location of Vordernberg in the Leoben district | ||
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 View from the Fahnenköpfl - a pre-summit of the Vordernberg Wall - to Vordernberg |
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| Source: Municipal data from Statistics Austria | ||
Vordernberg is an Austrian market town with 964 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2020) in the north of Styria ( judicial district or district of Leoben ), about 15 km northwest of the district capital Leoben .
geography
Vordernberg lies at the foot of the Präbichl in the Eisenerzer Alps . The Vordernbergertal , which is very narrow here, separates the mountain groups of the Eisenerzer Alps and the Hochschwab . Above all, the walls of the Vordernberg walls to the west of the market border the settlement area very closely.
Community structure
Vordernberg, congruent with the cadastral municipality and locality of the same name , contains the following settlements:
- Almhouses ( Rotte )
- Friedauwerk (Rotte)
- Handlalm ( Scattered Houses )
- Präbichl (Rotte)
- Sankt Laurenti (Rotte)
- Wegscheid (Rotte)
Neighboring communities
Neighboring communities are:
- in the northwest iron ore
- in the northeast of Tragöß-Sankt Katharein in the Bruck-Mürzzuschlag district
- in the southeast, south and southwest Trofaiach
history
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The place Vordernberg had since its creation until the end of the 19th century, one at the furnaces to produce pig iron existing settlement in which the iron Builder or later the Radmeister mentioned trades and the mine and steel workers, carters and various craftsmen and Merchants lived and worked with their families.
A large part of the ore mined on the nearby Styrian Erzberg was melted into pig iron here . As a center of pig iron production, Vordernberg was one of the most important industrial locations in Central Europe for centuries. Since iron production, operated by charcoal blast furnaces, was stopped and pig iron production was relocated to Leoben - Donawitz in particular , Vordernberg has been a shrinking place with many relics from its industrial past.
middle Ages
The first traces of iron extraction can be traced towards the end of the 1st millennium after Christ. The oldest melting furnaces , the remains of which were discovered in 1929, were found on the Feistawiese between the Erzberg and the Präbichl. Today, these excavation sites are deep beneath the excavated material from the mining operations that are still active today. Back then, researchers unearthed three racing ovens on the Feistawiese . On the basis of coin and ceramic finds, the excavators regarded them as Roman times. With the radiocarbon method , which was only invented in 1946 , it turned out that the furnaces can be dated to the early 13th century.
During excavations, which were also carried out in 1929 in the area of the alpine houses, the remains of two houses were found. On the basis of iron finds and large fireplaces, they were recognized as forges and dated to the early Middle Ages.
In order to achieve the necessary melting temperature in the racing furnaces , air had to be blown in. Due to the gradual enlargement of the ovens, human strength was no longer sufficient to operate the bellows . From the 13th century onwards, the smelting works were operated with water wheels, from which the term “ wheelwork” , which is still used today, goes back. For this reason, the hut places were relocated on the one hand on the southern side of the Präbichl to the Vordernberger Bach and on the other hand north of the Präbichl to the Erzbach. In the course of time, the wheelworks were built further and further downstream, as more and more water forces were needed.
In the 13th century the area around the Erzberg was called "Aerze" and was initially considered an administrative unit. Since the 14th century, production and sales in the south and north of the Erzberg have been clearly separated by order of the sovereign. Any ore mined below the "Ebenhöhe" (1186.60 meters) of the ore mountain set on July 25, 1524, went to Innerberg, today's iron ore , which was mined above and could thus be more easily brought over the Präbichl , to Vordernberg. In 1453, Emperor Friedrich III. the final separation by giving Vordernberg and Innerberg a market coat of arms and market rights each.
In Vordernberg, the focus of the settlement was in the 14th century in the area of today's Almhäuser (Altenmarkt) at 1050 meters above sea level and in the 15th century around the Laurentius Church (around 900 m above sea level). Finally, the settlement then shifted further south below the confluence of the Rötzgraben (850 m above sea level). Decisive for the structure of the place were the 14 wheelworks, which were numbered from north to south in the order in which they were attached to the stream. This numbering began with Radwerk I and ended outside the village in the direction of Trofaiach with Radwerk XIV. The owners of the 14 Radwerke in Vordernberg have been known by name since around 1500. There is a list of wheel works owners, which completely enumerates all owners. It closes in 1911 with the Österreichisch-Alpine Montangesellschaft , which shut down the last Vordernberg wheel works.
Significant for the development of the iron industry in the region was the prohibition issued by the sovereign to the wheel and hammer mills of Vordernberg on March 12, 1314, to bring their produced pig iron to other places bypassing the city of Leoben . Duke Friedrich der Schöne granted Leoben the “publishing right for iron”, which meant that all pig iron from the area south of the Präbichl and south of Rottenmann had to be delivered to Leoben. The added value from the pig iron had to be shared with the citizens of Leoben. They sold the iron they had acquired to the hammer mills, who, as entrepreneurs in the final industry, turned them into an abundance of end products. This is how the Vordernberg pig iron, which was sold via Leoben, was made into scythes, weapons, tools, nails, sheet metal and wire in the forges and hammer mills in the valleys of the Styrian Oberland. Before this decision from Frederick the Beautiful, a significant part of the production had been sold via Trofaiach and Judenburg to Italy, particularly to Venice.
The stucco ovens were given the name of stucco ovens from the measure or stucco obtained after a 15 to 18-hour melting process in the stucco ovens , a solid lump of iron that was pulled out of the oven with heavy chains after the melting process was completed. The name "wheelwork", derived from the large water wheels that drive the blowers, became common in the 15th century. Such a wheelwork consisted of the part of the mining industry, the stucco furnace with the associated smelting hall, the ore store and the coal bar, a carriage shed with horse stable, workers' apartments and a caretaker's or manor house and a corresponding forest part. The preliminary end product in the smelting process, the pig iron measure, was sold through the publishers in Leoben. The pig iron produced in Vordernberg was picked up by the Leoben publishers and hammer masters in Vordernberg. For a long time, the iron workers entrusted with carrying out the transport were remunerated according to the number of pieces of pig iron transported. From the late Middle Ages to the end of the 18th century, the iron trade ran primarily through the publishing town of Leoben. The Leoben publishers saw the charcoal transport from the Leoben coal bars to Vordernberg as a welcome addition to their pig iron transports. In 1790, Emperor Joseph II lifted the obligation to publish and released the iron trade.
While in 1625 the wheel works, the ore mining and the processing of pig iron and the iron trade north of the Präbichl were combined in the Innerberg main trade union , the wheel masters and the iron distributors south of the Präbichl remained independent.
Modern times to the 20th century
In the years around and after 1750, somewhat later than in Carinthia, the stucco ovens that had been used up until then were converted into more efficient raft ovens. During iron smelting in the raft furnace , only liquid pig iron was produced in a continuous melting process.
Vordernberg benefited from the expansion of the commercial road over the Präbichl in 1750. At this time there were 108 smelters and blacksmiths in the village, further 379 miners and miners, 110 ore and iron guides and 251 wood and coal workers. Until 1806 the place was the seat of the chief mining authority and a mountain judge. Around 1850 220 Upper Styrian hammer works were processing Vordernberger pig iron . Metallurgical engineering was also revolutionized. The raft furnaces grew into blast furnaces, and gradually the steam engine to operate the bellows was also introduced. The roasting for processing the iron ore took place in new roasting plants. The yield of the blast furnaces, which were still charged with charcoal, increased steadily.
The numerous houses with their friendly facades, which give the place its character today, originate from this economic boom.
At the beginning of the 19th century there was a serious crisis in the iron industry in Vordernberg. In 1822 Archduke Johann Vordernberger became cycling master and bought the “Meranhaus” (today Hauptstrasse 85) as a residential building; Anna Plochl , who later became the Archduke's wife, lived here a few years before they married.
Under the significant influence of Archduke Johann, the Vordernberg cycling community was founded in 1829. In this, 13 of the 14 Vordernberg wheel masters (blast furnace entrepreneurs) have joined together in a quota cartel, merged their shares in the Erzberg into a joint property and processed them more efficiently than before. The ore costs for the Vorderberg blast furnaces could be reduced by almost 40% by merging the pits and building a joint conveyor system. However, it was not until 1836 that the dismantling and conveyor systems were converted. Since the end of the 15th century, the lively smelting activity in Vordernberg required the purchase of charcoal not only from the surrounding forests. A "Kholl and Fuhr wage order" from 1626 shows that charcoal was delivered from another area of Upper Styria. The charcoal was transported by horse-drawn carts and sleds. Such were almost constantly on the road to Vordernberg. These were special carts, called cabbage cribs, with a woven basket, they held about 5 m³ of charcoal. In 1837 the wheel works' annual consumption of charcoal was 135,000 m³ and in 1876 it was already 355,000 m³.
The bike masters followed Archduke Johann's advice, and in 1827 the bike masters community acquired the sovereigns Göss and Seckau, which emerged from the Göss and Seckau foundations that had been closed by Emperor Joseph II , in order to use their extensive forests for charcoal production.
The Steiermärkisch-Ständische Montanlehranstalt, initiated by Archduke Johann, was opened in the Raithaus on November 4, 1840, and moved to Leoben in 1849. The Montan University Leoben developed from this institution .
The delivery of iron ore via the Präbichl to Vordernberg has always been very difficult and labor-intensive. While on the Eisenerz side the ore could simply be hauled down by sack pulling (with the help of a kind of wooden sack toboggan ) and then later with an inclined elevator , on the Vordernberg side it had to be transported over a longer distance with horse carts. Archduke Johann therefore commissioned his brother-in-law, the former Bleiberger Hutmann ( Steiger ) Johann Dullnig, to build a transport route with inclined elevators, horizontal routes and ore bunkers. This transport facility was built between 1844 and 1847. It began with a five-kilometer-long horizontal track on which draft horses pulled two or three hunts on wooden rails from the Erzberg over the Präbichl pass and the so-called "Lauf" to the first ore bunker, the Handlalmhalde. The walkway and the collapsed walls of the heap are still a reminder today. This heap contained around 13,000 tons of ore that was still untreated and thus represented part of the ore supply in winter when snow drifts and avalanches made the pass impassable. The ore was transported to the handbrake, the first inclined elevator, on another horizontal track. It then went on via the third horizontal track to the brake on Kohlberg, which is popularly known as the "Glaslbrake". The iron ore was sieved by a so-called “Rater” at the base of the “Glaslbremse” and divided into fine and coarse ore, and the differently productive rock classes were also separated. The ore then went to the vineyard dump, which with a capacity of over 85,000 tons ensured the supply of raw materials even in the toughest and longest winters. The ore came through the attic into the dump and out again via a lintel and a tunnel .
In a roasting plant called "Laurenzi-Röst" after the nearby former parish church of St. Lorenz, the raw ore was gently heated to expel harmful substances, especially sulfur . Archduke Johann himself later added the Neukamhalde with the corresponding roasting system in order to increase capacities. The starting product, which is now favorable for the melting process, was stored in the Neuberghalde. Then it reached the old Schönauhalde via another bottom tunnel with a subsequent horizontal runway. Here too, Archduke Johann built an extension, the new Schönauhalde, with a gigantic capacity of over 100,000 tons. At that time, the ore could be transported from both heaps over shorter distances in the village of Vordernberg to the individual blast furnaces.
The huge covered Schönauhalde can be clearly seen on photographs or postcards that were taken before 1960. This ore bunker burned down in 1960 and has been home to several tennis courts since the inner walls were blown up in 1981.
Most of the remains of the above-mentioned heaps and horizontal tracks can be viewed today, especially if you walk the “Erzwanderweg” from Präbichl to Vordernberg. This is very well signposted with large boards that give detailed information about the individual structures.
In the years 1869/1870, most of the wheel works , which had previously been the sole property of the at least temporarily very wealthy wheel masters , became public property. From 1881 to 1905, the newly founded Österreichisch-Alpine Montangesellschaft acquired all wheel works with the exception of wheel works XIV and thus came into possession of almost all ore shares on the Erzberg.
On May 18, 1872, the railway line from Leoben to Vordernberg was opened. This means that Vordernberg was, as the local press wrote at the time, “connected to world traffic”. The railway line from Vordernberg to Eisenerz was completed in just two years of construction (1889-1891). In 1891 the Vordernberg - Eisenerz cog railway was put into operation . There were several stops in Vordernberg, namely Südbahnhof (a longer stay was usually necessary here because the cogwheel locomotive had to be attached), Vordernberg-Markt, Glaslbremse and Präbichl. At the Glaslbremse station, too, there was usually a longer stay, as the water had to be refilled on the steam locomotives with the help of the local water crane .
20th century
Also in 1891, the first coke oven was put into operation in Donawitz, 15 kilometers from Vordernberg . This more modern and more economical type of iron production gradually forced the discontinuation of the charcoal-powered wheel works in Vordernberg. Radwerk IV was also blown out in 1912 and later converted into an iron museum.
With the closure of the last charcoal furnace (Radwerk XIV) in 1922, Vordernberg's glorious iron industry came to an end.
A death march at the end of the war in 1945 resulted in a massacre of Hungarian Jews on the Präbichl , with more than 200 dead.
Around the middle of the 20th century there were many dilapidated buildings in Vordernberg that still came from the former wheel works. Many of them have been demolished and some interesting houses from the period have been renovated, giving the place a much friendlier look.
From 1986 iron ore deliveries from the Erzberg via the Präbichl to Donawitz were stopped and since then they have been made via Hieflau, Selzthal and the Schoberpass. Two years later, the ÖBB ceased all rail traffic on the Präbichl line , but unfortunately the racks were also removed immediately . Since 1991 the Erzbergbahn (Vordernberg - Eisenerz) has been running the historic railway line over the Präbichl and the Erzberg as a museum railway in the summer months.
The upholstered lift was built in 1948 as the first chair lift on the Präbichl, which belongs to Vordernberg. It was one of the first chairlifts in Styria and climbed 550 meters in altitude. In the first few decades, most skiers came by train. For a long time there was even a train that ran from Graz directly to the Präbichl on the weekend and was mostly full. Later there were also two drag lifts in Grübl and another drag lift on the Polster-Osthang above the Leobner Hütte . The upholstered lift, which had existed since 1948, was discontinued in 2016. Necessary adaptations for an extension of the concession by 20 years would have cost 1.5 million euros. The new Polsterlift initiative collected 9,000 signatures and, in the end, 500,000 euros in donations (of the originally planned 750,000) in order to be able to continue operating the lift. The country, which had pledged the second half of the costs, agreed to finance the shortfall in July 2017.
Important for the region was the opening of the new ski lifts on the Präbichl, which cost 153 million schillings and were financially supported by the State of Styria. The market town of Vordernberg has been the main owner of the lift company since 2002.
In 2000, the construction of a public sewer system for the entire municipality from Friedauwerk to Präbichl and the construction of a private district heating plant that is fired with wood chips was completed .
21st century
Self-catering huts and self-catering holiday apartments have been built in recent years. From 2009 a business park was opened in the southern area of Vordernberg by K. u. E. Ehweiner GmbH established.
In February 2010 it was decided that a detention center would be built in the south of Vordernberg, which will serve to accommodate refugees who have not been granted asylum or a residence permit in Austria. This decision was preceded by a referendum in Vordernberg. The construction of the detention center in Vordernberg was necessary because other police detention centers could no longer properly accommodate all refugees to be deported. It was opened on January 15, 2014.
At the beginning of 2012, talks began between the neighboring communities of Gai , Hafning , Trofaiach and Vordernberg with the aim of merging these four communities. A referendum was held on September 30, 2012 on the outcome of these negotiations. The residents of Vordernberg (82% of 62% of the eligible voters) voted by a majority against this community merger.
At different times it happened that the protective forest existing on the Vordernbergermauer, which was very close to the village, was thinned out and avalanches spread right into the village. The southern, densely populated area of Vordernberg around the former “Steyrer Handwerkenhaus ” and the B115 Eisenbundesstraße is in the potential area of action of the most dangerous avalanches . Most recently, extensive protective measures in the form of afforestation and technical avalanche barriers were carried out in the area of these danger zones between 2013 and 2014. Also in the 17th century there were avalanches in this area, as can be seen in the rammer's house book from this time .
coat of arms
The coat of arms was given to Graz on July 14, 1453 by Emperor Friedrich III. awarded. Blazon: "Ainen Schilt von Lasur dar Inn ain Ertztperg vnd drew steunde Menndl, ains with a red robe, the other clad in a white robe, with two staples haw and in a mess, and in between the third clad in a green robe haw and with one staple in the same Ercztgeperg. "
Population development
Data come from Statistics Austria .
Community partnerships
- since ? Berg in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
Culture and sights
- Radwerk IV blast furnace museum : The Radwerk blast furnace museum is an important sight in the history of iron and is the only fully equipped charcoal blast furnace in Austria. Radwerk IV, built in 1846 in place of an old facility in a monumental, classicist style, was listed as a historical monument in 1928 after it was shut down in 1911. After repair work, this evidence of historical pig iron production was made available to the public as a blast furnace and iron museum from 1959.
- Schauschmiede Lehrfrischhütte : The Lehrfrischhütte belonged to the former Montanlehranstalt mentioned below. It contains all the equipment required to refine the pig iron into steel (fresh) and to manufacture finished products. It was converted into a show smithy and also contains a back-slaughtered water wheel for driving the tail hammer.
- Raithaus : The Steiermärkisch-Ständische Montanlehranstalt, initiated by Archduke Johann, was opened in the Raithaus in 1840. The educational establishment was relocated to Leoben in 1849 and over the years the Montan University Leoben developed from this . In 2015, the Association of Friends of Radwerk IV bought the Raithaus, including the garden and Markscheider's pavilion, from a bankruptcy estate. It has been renovated in the meantime and became the seat of the Montanhistorisches Verein. Originally the Raithaus served as a clearing center for the Radmeister community. This is where the name comes from: Raiten is an outdated word for "account" that was still in use before the 19th century.
- Vordernberg town hall : The town hall is equipped with a round corner tower and contains, among other things, a stucco ceiling from 1720. It was once the seat of the Schachner family.
- Steyrerhaus : The Steyrerhaus has a projecting tower and a stuccoed hall ceiling from 1670. It is located on the market square.
- Meranhaus : Above the market square with its wrought-iron fountain arbor is the Meranhaus. The trades of Radwerk II lived and worked here. It was rebuilt in 1684 by Hans Adam Stampfer von Walchenberg. From 1822 it was owned by Archduke Johann of Austria . In addition to a few other trade unions, the following should be mentioned in particular:
- Parish Church of the Assumption of Mary : from the 15th century
- Sankt-Laurentius-Kirche : The late Gothic church, built in 1465, is located about a kilometer above the village in the direction of Präbichl, it was renovated in 2004.
Radwerk IV blast furnace museum
Main square wrought iron fountain and Steyrerhaus
Laurenzikirche - St.Laurentius Church
Parish Church of the Assumption of Mary
Raithaus
Lehrfrischhütte
Radwerk X furnace stock
Radwerk I hut building and roasting plant
Vordernberg view 1955
Ski area Präbichl
Poster from around 1950 for the upholstered lift
politics
The municipal council has 15 members.
- With the municipal council elections in Styria in 2000, the municipal council had the following distribution: 13 SPÖ, 1 ÖVP and 1 FPÖ.
- With the municipal elections in Styria in 2005 , the municipal council had the following distribution: 12 SPÖ, 2 ÖVP and 1 FPÖ.
- With the municipal elections in Styria in 2010 , the municipal council had the following distribution: 13 SPÖ and 2 FPÖ.
- With the municipal elections in Styria in 2015 , the municipal council had the following distribution: 11 SPÖ, 2 citizens' lists Vordernberg and 2 FPÖ.
- With the municipal council elections in Styria 2020 , the municipal council has the following distribution: 12 SPÖ, 2 WIR – We for Vordernberg and 1 ÖVP.
mayor
- since ? Walter Hubner (SPÖ)
Personalities
Personalities from Vordernberg
- Peter Wirnsberger (* 1958), former ski racer (Olympic silver downhill 1980)
- Gustav Hackl (1892–1962), the trained internist and pulmonologist, was a primary physician and works doctor at the Donawitz ironworks with remarkable social initiatives. He was also a local researcher and writer.
- Viktor Zack (1854–1939), Austrian teacher, choir director, folk song researcher and collector, most important folk song researcher in Styria.
- Heinrich Mitsch (1826–1903), ironworks, wheel master (Radwerk XI)
- Hans von Rebenburg (1834–1917), wheel master (Radwerk IX)
Personalities related to the place
- Elisabeth Maria Stampfer (1638 Graz – 1700 in Obervellach), wheel master's wife , wrote the “ Hausbüchl der Stampferin ”, in which the not always easy life in the 17th century is described very clearly, lived in Vordernberg.
- Matthäus Loder (1781–1828), chamber painter for Archduke Johann , died here and buried at the Vordernberg cemetery.
literature
- Georg Goeth : Vordernberg in the most recent times or historical representation of the wheel works. In addition to an introduction, it contains a description of the mining and smelting operations in Vordernberg . Verlag JG Heubner, Vienna 1839 ( Google eBook, full view ). Volume 2 Atlas . ibid., 1839 ( Google, no view ).
- F. Schönauer: Vordernberg in Styria then and now. A contribution to Styrian folklore and local history (part 1/3). In: Oesterreichische Gebirgs- und Volks-Trachten-Zeitung. Official organ of the 1st Austrian Reich Association for Alpine, Folk, Mountain Costume and Schuhplattler Associations , No. 7/1922 (5th year), July 15, 1922, p. 1 f. (Online at ANNO ). ,
- -: - (Part 2/3). In: - , No. 9-10 / 1922 (5th year), September 15, 1922, p. 1 f. (Online at ANNO ). ,
- -: - (Part 3/3). In: - , No. 11/1922 (V. Jg.), November 15, 1922, pp. 2–5. (Online at ANNO ). .
- Gerhard Deissl: The Vordernberg cycling community from the beginning to the Josephine reforms. Representation of an organizational form in the Styrian mining industry. Mining, metallurgy, transport, trading in pennies and iron distribution channels . Dissertation, University of Graz, Graz 2009. (full text online)
Web links
- 61118 - Vordernberg. Community data, Statistics Austria .
- Web presence of the community of Vordernberg
Individual evidence
- ^ Herbert Hiebler: 850 years of iron production in Vordernberg. In: Vordernberger Gemeindezeitung. 12/2014.
- ^ Iron trade in the Middle Ages
- ^ Roman Sandgruber: World Heritage Austrian Eisenstrasse , Linz 2003, p. 19
- ↑ Gerhard Deissl: The Vordernberger Radmeister community from the beginnings to the Josefinic reforms , dissertation 2009 University of Graz, p. 583.
- ^ Günther Jontes : The Green, the Bronze Mark . 2006, ISBN 3-900493-60-X , p. 64.
- ↑ Hans Jörg Köstler, Josef Slesak: The wheel works to Vordernberg in Styria. 1986, ISBN 3-900662-04-7 , p. 33 Austrian National Library.
- ↑ Gerhard Deissl: The Vordernberger Radmeisterkommunity from the beginnings to the Josephine reforms. Representation of an organizational form in the Styrian mining industry. Mining, metallurgy, transport, trading in pennies and iron distribution channels. Dissertation. University of Graz, Graz 2009 (full text online, PDF) .
- ↑ Maria Schaunitzer, Andreas Schöberl-Negishi: New opportunity for the legendary upholstered lift. In: Small newspaper. February 16, 2017. Retrieved July 28, 2017 .
- ↑ The legendary upholstered single chair lift rescued. In: Small newspaper. July 15, 2017. Retrieved July 28, 2017 .
- ↑ New commercial center in Vordernberg. ( Memento from January 14, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) In: Kleine Zeitung. August 19, 2009.
- ↑ opened deportation detention center Vordernberg. on: gat.st
- ↑ Three out of four parishes for merger. ( Memento from January 14, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) In: Kleine Zeitung. September 30, 2012
- ↑ Reiner Pusehnig: The Styrian municipal coat of arms awarded before 1945. (PDF) In: Mitteilungen des Steiermärkisches Landesarchiv vol. 13 p. 65-90. 1963, p. 86 , accessed January 28, 2018 .
- ↑ Data according to Statistics Austria (PDF file; 34 kB)
- ↑ Radwerk IV Mining History Museum. Accessed July 28, 2017 .
- ^ Election result of the local council election 2005 in Vordernberg. State of Styria, March 13, 2005, accessed on July 28, 2020 .
- ^ Election result of the local council election 2010 in Vordernberg. State of Styria, March 21, 2010, accessed on July 28, 2020 .
- ^ Election result of the 2015 municipal council election in Vordernberg. State of Styria, March 22, 2015, accessed on July 28, 2020 .
- ↑ Results of the local council election 2020 in Vordernberg. State of Styria, June 28, 2020, accessed on July 28, 2020 .
