Inclined elevator

Hohenwerfen inclined elevator in Austria

Ehrenbreitstein inclined elevator in Koblenz

Inclined elevator at the Schattenbergschanze in Oberstdorf

In the foreground the inclined elevator of the Berzelius mine around 1880

Inclined elevator lead hole dam

An inclined elevator is generally a passenger and freight elevator with an inclined track , set up to overcome a height distance. The term is used differently in technical and legal respects:

According to the European standards (European standard for inclined elevators - EN 81-22), the inclined elevator is a special type of elevator whose guide rails are inclined by more than 15 ° both to the vertical and to the horizontal;
Inclined lifts that serve buildings and structures on a permanent basis are subject to the Lifts Directive (from 2015: Directive 2014/33 / EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of February 26, 2014 on the harmonization of the laws of the member states on lifts and safety components for lifts);

Funiculars with only one car are colloquially referred to as inclined lifts. This term is not provided for in the relevant Cable Car Regulation (EU) 2016/424.

in common usage are with different application purposes, and corresponding safety requirements (z. B. Construction, as hoists in the broader sense also other lifts furniture lifts , boat lifts , stair lifts etc. ), respectively.

Legal delimitation

From a legal point of view, the main difference between the shape of the elevator and the shape of the funicular railway of the inclined elevator lies in the guideline or regulation to be applied:

A lift with a sloping track (also inclined lift ) is subject to the Lifts Directive of the European Parliament and the Council of February 26, 2014 on the harmonization of the laws of the Member States on lifts. This guideline applies to lifts which serve buildings and structures on a permanent basis and are intended a) for the transport of people; b) for the transport of people and goods; c) only for the transport of goods, provided that the load carrier can be stepped on, ie if a person can get into the load carrier without difficulty and has control devices that are located inside the load carrier or within reach of a person located there.

A funicular is subject to Regulation (EU) 2016/424 of the European Parliament and of the Council of March 9, 2016 on cable cars. According to the definition of this ordinance, a "cable car" is: an overall system built at its destination, consisting of the infrastructure and subsystems, which was designed, built, assembled and put into operation for the purpose of transporting people and in which the transport is carried out along the route running ropes takes place.

For the user, it is often difficult to tell whether, from a legal point of view, he is traveling with an elevator with a sloping track (inclined elevator) or with a funicular. Both elevators with inclined lanes (see examples Hohenwerfen, Koblenz, Oberstdorf etc.) and funiculars can run both in closed buildings and in open terrain. Both the elevator directive and the ropeway ordinance permit public transport of people.

technology

Safety concept (according to EN 81-22)

The following safety components are defined in the Elevator Directive, which form the basis of the safety concept for inclined elevators:

Locking devices of the landing doors;
Devices that prevent the car from falling or uncontrolled movements;
Speed limiter;
Buffer;
Safety devices on cylinders of the main hydraulic circuits when used as a device to prevent a fall;
electrical safety devices in the form of safety circuits with electronic components.

Today, due to high safety requirements, elevators are equipped with a safety system that prevents deviations from normal operation, such as B. too high speeds or even a crash of the elevator car, even if all the suspension ropes should break.

In addition, the elevator cabins are suspended in rope constructions by at least two parallel ropes. The ropes are dimensioned in such a way that the breakage of one or more ropes does not lead to a fall. In a passenger lift with only two suspension ropes, a 16-fold rope safety is required according to EN 81-22. This means that an elevator could easily hold the loaded car safely with just one rope.

It is also important that the traction capability of the rope / traction sheave system is correctly designed. If the traction is too high, the ropes will wear out excessively. If the traction capacity is too low, the ropes can slip (slip) so that the car cannot start or brake properly or come back to its normal speed. Under certain circumstances the car does not come to a stop exactly at the level of the stop; In the worst case, the car slowly slides up or down to the lower or upper end point, depending on whether the car or counterweight is heavier.

A speed limiter prevents the car from traveling too quickly or up to the top or bottom of the cabin. If a limit value is exceeded, the drive is switched off electronically and the car is braked to a standstill using a safety gear. This safety device is independent of other operating parts of the elevator and works even in the event of a power failure. When the safety gear is triggered, the elevator motor is switched off.

Doors: Inclined elevators, must always be equipped with car and shaft doors. This prevents limbs from being drawn in or loads (e.g. prams) from being wedged on the passing outer wall.

Emergency call: Malfunctions in passenger elevators can result in the car doors not opening, e. B. when "getting stuck" between two stops. The people trapped in the car generally have no way of freeing themselves. This is why there is an emergency call button in the elevator car in elevators that have been built since 1999, which informs the elevator attendant of the malfunction.

The safety concept for the inclined elevator acc. The elevator directive allows fully automatic operation without operating personnel (e.g. operations manager or machinist).

Certain designs make it easier for users to stand by compensating for the change in inclination by means of level controls that always keep the floor level. The floor is adjusted electrically or hydraulically while driving - or the cabin moves on two offset rails so that the horizontal inclination of the cabin is maintained even when the incline changes due to the position of the wheels (see Minifunic ).

In order to keep the power consumption of these systems as low as possible, a counterweight is usually used in inclined elevators. The drive can be arranged both above and below.

Lists of inclined lifts (incomplete)

Germany

Baden-Württemberg

Bad Herrenalb , Falkenburgbahn , gauge 1000 mm, since 1998, feeder to a hotel and a clinic (public)
Freiburg im Breisgau , Schlossbergbahn , inclined elevator up the Freiburg Schlossberg to the Dattler restaurant, type: Twinliner from the manufacturer ABS Transportbahnen from Wolfurt , 262 m long with a 73.30 m difference in altitude, in operation since July 19, 2008,
Hotzenwald , Hotzenwald lift, gradient 110%
Ludwigsburg-Hoheneck Inclined elevator to the Hoheneck spa
Stuttgart inclined elevator to the Stadtmitte S-Bahn station

Bavaria

Munich Marienplatz train station , exit / access Marienhof (formerly)
Garmisch-Partenkirchen , Olympic Stadium
Oberstdorf , Schattenbergschanze ( Audi Arena Oberstdorf )
near Oberstdorf, Heini-Klopfer ski-flying hill

Berlin

Inclined elevator to the Brandenburger Tor S-Bahn station

Inclined elevator to the S-Bahn station Innsbrucker Platz

Hamburg

2 inclined passenger elevators in Dockland, travel speed 2.5 m / s

Inclined elevators to the subway stations :

Inclined elevator to the S-Bahn station Hauptbahnhof

Hesse

Inclined elevator barrier wall west on Edersee

Inclined elevator at the western end of the platform of the Bockenheimer Warte subway station in Frankfurt am Main
Inclined elevator at the northern end of the platform of the Seckbacher Landstrasse subway station in Frankfurt am Main
Inclined elevator at the southern end of the platform of the Frankfurt Messe S-Bahn station
Inclined elevators to the platforms of the Niddapark underground station (currently closed and secured against vandalism)

Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania

Inclined elevator to Sellin pier , Ruegen island
Inclined elevator in Göhren (Rügen)

Lower Saxony

Inclined elevator (correct: arched elevator ) in the New Town Hall Hanover , built in 1908, renovated in 2007/2008

North Rhine-Westphalia

Inclined elevator in the Bochum Stadtbahn

A few underground stations in Düsseldorf , Herne and Bochum
Aachen University Hospital , connection to the helipad

Rhineland-Palatinate

Funicular Ehrenbreitstein to Ehrenbreitstein in Koblenz , built in 2011 for the Federal Garden Show

Saxony

Inclined elevator to Albrechtsburg in Meißen
Inclined elevator to the old town of Schwarzenberg (Erzgeb.)

Saxony-Anhalt

Inclined lift at the Wendefurth dam

Schleswig-Holstein

Freely accessible inclined elevator in the Augustinum in Mölln . Travel speed 2.5 m / s

Thuringia

Inclined elevator lead hole dam

Austria

Burgenland , inclined elevator to Güssing Castle
Carinthia , Heiligenblut, from Roßbach, Fleißalm tunnel railway since December 1987 in winter, two groups of gondolas hanging from a ceiling rail (diversion halfway) through a curved tunnel with windows into the higher-lying Fleißalm ski area. In summer the tunnel carries water.
Upper Austria , Brennet Mountain , Klaus Castle
Salzburg , Werfen , inclined elevator to Hohenwerfen Castle
Salzburg , near Kaprun , Lärchwand inclined lift
Tyrol , Innsbruck , inclined lift to Bergiselschanze
Tyrol , Kufstein , inclined elevator to Kufstein Fortress
Vorarlberg , inclined elevator Partenen – Trominier

Switzerland

Guttannen im Haslital , Gelmerbahn , 106% max. pitch
Lucerne , Gütsch cable car
Lucerne, Hotel Montana funicular
St. Gallen , Mühleggbahn
St. Moritz , inclined elevator in Serletta car park
Zurich , four inclined elevators to the underground station Löwenstrasse , gradient of 73 degrees, as the platforms on the different floors are not exactly one above the other.