Berzelius Pit
| Berzelius Pit | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
 Above right: old shaft 2; Middle: old processing; Foreground: inclined elevator |
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| other names | winter | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Start of operation | 1854 | ||
| End of operation | 1924 | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Zinc cover / lead gloss | ||
| Degradation of | Galena | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 50 ° 58 '18.8 " N , 7 ° 12' 33.1" E | ||
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| Location | Moitzfeld | ||
| local community | Bergisch Gladbach | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis | ||
| country | State of North Rhine-Westphalia | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Bensberg ore district | ||
The Berzelius mine is a former non-ferrous metal ore mine in the Bensberg ore district in Bergisch Gladbach. The site belongs to the Moitzfeld district . The houses belong to the district " Winter " . The former mine site in Wulfhof is now owned by Max Baermann Holding AG .
history
In the southern part of the Berzelius mine field on the marrow sheath of the apple mine, an extensive pingen field testifies to medieval mining that was carried out here. These pings were the clue for the prospectors who went in search of mineral resources in the 19th century.
The first award for zinc and lead ores took place on May 24, 1854, to August Eyckholt as representative of the Westerwald-Rheinische Bergwerksgesellschaft in the name of Berzelius. On May 23, 1857 there was a consolidation with the neighboring St. Johann mining field while retaining the name Berzelius . This was first awarded on May 9, 1854 to zinc and lead ores. On July 6, 1855, the right to extract copper and iron ore was extended. With the consolidation, the right to extract copper and iron ore was extended to the entire new Berzelius mine field, but showed no economic sustainability in the long run. A further consolidation occurred on November 28, 1879 with the following mine fields:
- Georg Forster , awarded on June 30, 1855 to lead and zinc ores, popularly known as "Uranes"; this has to do with the fact that the so-called uranium passage was first built here.
- Keppler, awarded on May 22, 1860 for lead and zinc ores,
- Lafayette, awarded May 25, 1860 on lead and zinc ores,
- Mars, awarded on May 3, 1860 for lead and zinc ores.
- On 28 October 1903, the pit Berzelius acquired by field division of the pit Apple the mine field Berzelius II. This was necessary for third and fourth on all civil engineering soles transition in eastern Fort strike over a length of about 140 m above the existing borders open to can.
The Berzelius mine was one of the most profitable mines in the entire ore district of Bensberg and was named after the Swedish chemist Jöns Jakob Berzelius .
Operation and facilities
Civil engineering
For civil engineering , four aisles were built right from the start . Gang I had a depth of approx. 200 m, level II was meaningless at approx. 30 m. The two mighty corridors III and IV were rich in ore up to the 370 m level . The deposit was roughened at the 430 m level . The terrain in the upper Volbachtal was very narrow. There were therefore frequent problems with the storage of the spoil from the shafts because the terrain on which the heaps were deposited was very steep. This situation was particularly problematic for the storage of waste from processing. The sludge was transported via pipelines to clarification ponds in the valley. The wash mountains had to be pulled up to the height of Herweg using an inclined elevator and from there to fall on the mountainside. The ore concentrates obtained also went up this route to Herweg to a loading station, from where they were transported by horse and cart to the zinc works in Bergisch Gladbach . This narrow railroad was replaced by a cable car in 1906. Trucks have been used for further transport since 1908.
Over the years, various shafts had been sunk , which over time no longer met the requirements. Before they were abandoned, new shafts were required. It had to be taken into account that corridors III and IV dipped steeply to the northeast. As a result, the new shafts had to be set further southeast in order to get closer to the deposits . The first shaft in the valley floor remained in operation as a weather shaft . Shaft 2 and shaft 3 were abandoned. From 1890 to 1892, the "New Shaft 1" was sunk above the processing plant and equipped with an iron head frame and a cable guide . The "New Shaft 2" followed about 300 m further east. The material extracted from there was transported to the processing station via a cable car.
In 1913 a shaft was sunk in the so-called Uranus corridor in the Georg Forster mine. From New Shaft 1, an approx. 1,000 m long cross passage was driven at the same time on the 130 m level as a conveying route towards the Uranus shaft, via which the material was transported for processing.
The processing plant
The Franz Gröppel company from Bochum built a new processing plant with the most modern equipment far and wide in 1899 . It went into operation in August 1900 and achieved a very high level of utilization. The Weiss mine felt this when it penetrated the wash mountains again in its flotation in the 1950s, because they contained significantly less residual ore than the material from the Blücher and Washington mines .
The closure of the plant
In the early 1920s, the ore flow in the corridors decreased. Only the Uranus outlet still had abundant supplies. An economically satisfactory operation could not be maintained. Operations ceased on August 1, 1924. Before that, a dam had been dug in at the 130 m level so that there would be no water inflows from the area of the other mine fields when operations were resumed later in the Georg Forster mine. But there was no longer a new company.
Ground monument
With effect from December 10, 2014, the Berzelius mine was entered under No. 22 as a ground monument in the list of ground monuments in Bergisch Gladbach . There are other old foundations and pings in the vicinity of the former shaft 1 and the former processing plant .
See also
literature
- Emil Buff: Description of the Deutz mountain district. Marcus, Bonn 1882 (Unchanged reprint. (= Publication by the Friends of the Bergisches Museum for Mining, Crafts and Trades eV No. 1, ZDB -ID 2295238-X ). Friends of the Bergisches Museum for Mining, Trades and Trades, Bergisch Gladbach 1982) .
- Herbert Stahl (editor), Gerhard Geurts , Herbert Ommer : The legacy of ore. Volume 2, The pits on the Gangerz deposits in the Bensberg ore district . Cologne 2004, ISBN 3-00-014668-7 .
- Herbert Stahl: The mining in the Hardt and the area around Herkenrath. In: 50years of Cologne's NaturFreundehaus Hardt 1960 - 2010. Bergisch Gladbach 2010.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Herbert Stahl (editor), Gerhard Geurts, Herbert Ommer: Das Erbe des Erzes. Volume 2, The pits on the Gangerz deposits in the Bensberg ore district . Cologne 2004, ISBN 3-00-014668-7 , p. 36ff.
- ↑ G. Blömeke: The new ore processing plant of the Berzelius mine near Bensberg. Hall a. P. 1907.
- ↑ Resolution draft of the committee for urban development and planning, printed matter no. 0515/2014 of December 10, 2014