Pit apple
| Pit apple | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
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| Information about the mining company | |||
| Start of operation | 1848 | ||
| End of operation | 1891 | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Zinc blende , lead luster , copper | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 50 ° 58 '11.1 " N , 7 ° 12' 46.4" E | ||
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| Location | Moitzfeld | ||
| local community | Bergisch Gladbach | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis | ||
| country | State of North Rhine-Westphalia | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Bensberg ore district | ||
The apple mine is a former non-ferrous metal ore mine in the Bensberg ore district in Bergisch Gladbach . The main operating point was immediately south of the Berzelius mine . The area with the residential buildings is now a district in the Moitzfeld district of Bergisch Gladbach.
The Volbach flows in the immediate vicinity . To this day, it has an alarming concentration of zinc.
history
At the beginning of the 19th century it became technically possible to turn zinc ore into high-quality metal. As a result, a real zinc rush developed in the entire ore district of Bensberg in the middle of the 19th century. A larger pingen field in the northern part of the apple mine was the pointer to an ore deposit for the prospectors . The pit Apple finds its first mention as a presumption connection on 14 October 1847. It was on July 9, 1848 as a mining claim apples to zinc - lead and copper ore awarded . On November 12, 1856 there was another award for iron ores (extension). The production of copper and iron ores remained economically insignificant. Initially it was a so-called stretched field or a length field . On February 23, 1861, the apple mine was awarded as a square with new borders.
A consolidation with the following mine fields / pits took place on September 20, 1861:
- The Bergmannstrost mine was first mentioned on October 24, 1859 and November 5, 1860. The award took place on January 20, 1861 for lead, zinc and iron ores.
- The Carnall Mine was muted on January 2, 1856 and lent on July 10, 1858 for iron, lead and zinc ores.
- The Columbus mine was muted under the name Hugo I on March 4, 1853 and awarded on February 21, 1854 for cover, lead and copper ores.
- The Conrad mine was muted on February 1, 1856. The award took place on November 13, 1857 for lead, zinc and copper ores.
- The Ehrenfeld mine was awarded as Längenfeld on August 9, 1847. However, there was no work afterwards. As a result, the mountain property fell outside again. On 20./26. In October 1853 there was another motto under the name Caecilia. Finally, on April 9, 1855, lead, zinc and copper ores were awarded under the name Ehrenfeld. The award was extended to Spateisenstein on August 2, 1856 and to all iron ores on November 12, 1856.
- The Ehrenfeld I mine was muted on March 10, 1856 under the name Concordia. It was awarded under the name Ehrenfeld I on July 2, 1858 for iron, lead and zinc ores.
- The Ehrenfeld II mine was opened on 30./31. August 1860 muted under the name Rose. It was awarded on January 20, 1861 for lead, zinc, copper and iron ores with the name Ehrenfeld II
- The Hecht mine was muted on October 24, 1859. It was awarded on January 20, 1861 for lead, copper, zinc and iron ores.
- The Marius mine was first mentioned as Mutung Loreley on December 6th, 1852. The award took place as Längenfeld on August 13th, 1853 for cover and lead ores. On September 4, 1858 there was another award as Geviertfeld under the name Marius for lead, copper, zinc and iron ores.
- The Strohmeyer mine was muted on 3rd / 5th. January 1860. It was awarded on March 17, 1861 for lead, zinc and iron ores.
- The Tilly mine was muted on September 24, 1855 under the name Hugo. The award took place under the name Tilly on October 29, 1856 on lead, zinc and copper ores.
After mining activities at the Apple operating point had been stopped in 1881, the field was divided on October 28, 1903. Through this act, Berzelius AG acquired a small part of the eastern apple mine field from AG des Altenbergs as the owner of the apple mine for its Berzelius mine and sank a shaft on it.
Operation and facilities
The main operating point apple
Production began in 1847, initially through a tunnel in the valley. More tunnels followed. A machine shaft was then sunk above in an easterly direction . In the period that followed, a lively business developed. The material obtained was taken to the processing plant in Immekeppel by horse-drawn carriage .
The machine shaft was initially sunk continuously down to 126 m below the tunnel floor with three building blocks. Later the shaft was brought down to 160 m and a fourth underground level was added. But the ore became more and more rough . For this reason, production has been falling steadily since 1871 because the known ore resources were gradually coming to an end. The apple operating point was about to be shut down as early as 1880. The final shutdown of the Apfel mine was delayed until 1891 due to isolated new openings with low mining rates, especially because the Columbus operating point continued to achieve good results. After 1891 a tunnel was opened in the Conrad mine field. From here they wanted to investigate the continuation of the apple passage, they found it, but found that it was deaf in this area .
The Columbus operating point
Finally, the focus was on the Columbus operating point, which formed a unit with the adjacent Tilly mine field. The ores from both pits, which have been mined underground since the middle of the 19th century, were brought to the surface via a tunnel that led from the “Südschacht” directly to the horse-drawn tram, which had to transport the ore to Immekeppel for processing. The horse-drawn tram merged in Külheimer Mühle on the so-called changeover with the railway from Grube Apfel.
Until 1868, the 20, 30 and 40 Lachter soles were used and in the next few years the 50 and 60 Lachter soles were used. The last attempts were made on the 156 m level. The south shaft was sunk up to 160 m including the pump sump . In 1891 the supplies were largely exhausted. The Columbus pit had to be closed.
Apple pit
The apple mine has kept its name as a place name to this day. There are still several houses here, some of which date from the time of the former mining operations.
See also
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Andree Schulte, Bergisch Gladbach, city history in street names , published by the Bergisch Gladbach city archive, volume 3, and by the Bergisches Geschichtsverein department Rhein-Berg e. V., Volume 11, Bergisch Gladbach 1995, p. 354, ISBN 3-9804448-0-5
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Herbert Stahl (editor) and others: Das Erbe des Erzes, Volume 5, New news and stories about the ore district of Bensberg. Publisher: Förderverein des Bergisches Museum für Bergbau, Handwerk und Gewerbe e. V., Bergisch Gladbach 2014, p. 7 ff. ISBN 978-3-00-044826-3
- ↑ a b c Gerhard Geurts , Herbert Ommer , Herbert Stahl: Das Erbe des Erzes, Volume 2, The pits on the Gangerz deposits in the ore district of Bensberg. Publisher: Friends of the Bergisches Museum für Bergbau, Handwerk und Gewerbe e. V., Bergisch Gladbach 2004, p. 18 ff. ISBN 3-00-014668-7
literature
- Emil Buff: Description of the Deutz mountain district. Bonn 1882, unchanged reprint of the original edition, publication no. 1 of the Friends of the Bergisches Museum für Bergbau, Handwerk und Gewerbe e. V., Bergisch Gladbach 1982, ZDB -ID 2295238-X .