Brežice

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Brežice
Brežice coat of arms Map of Slovenia, position of Brežice highlighted
Basic data
Country SloveniaSlovenia Slovenia
Historic region Lower Styria / Štajerska
Statistical region Posavska (Lower Sava Region)
Coordinates 45 ° 54 '  N , 15 ° 36'  O coordinates: 45 ° 54 '21 "  N , 15 ° 36' 8"  O
surface 268  km²
Residents 24,577 (2008)
Population density 92 inhabitants per km²
Telephone code (+386) 07
License Plate KK
Structure and administration
Mayor : Ivan Molan
Website
Brežice

Brežice (German Rann ) is a town and a municipality in the Posavje landscape district (Spodnjeposavska; Unter Savetal ) in Slovenia , near the border with Croatia . The place belonged to the historical region of Lower Styria .

The Krka ( Gurk ) and the border river Sotla ( Sattelbach ) flow into the Save near Brežice .

Since the beginning of the 1990s, Brežice has served as an excellent resort with a wide range of sports as the main training location for the Croatian national football team .

history

In 1028, Emperor Konrad II donated it to Count Wilhelm von der Sann , husband of Hemma von Gurk. 30 Königshufen near Kozje / Drachenburg and 30 Königshufen between Save and Sann , Sotla and Neiring / Mirna . After the death of her husband in 1036 and her children, Hemma founded a nunnery in Gurk in 1043 , which was converted into an own diocese by Archbishop Gebhard von Salzburg in 1072 . Countess Hemma transferred her property on the Save to the Archbishop of Salzburg , Balduin (1041-1060). This resulted in the closed Salzburg territory with the dominions of Rann / Brežice, Lichtenwald / Sevnica , Reichenburg / Brestanica , Pischätz / Pišece and Reichenstein / Raštanj .

There is evidence of a mint in Rann / Brežice since 1220. Rann is still referred to as a market in 1314, and in 1322 for the first time as a town with a court and toll. In 1353, Archbishop Ortolf von Weißeneck (1343-1365) gave Rann an order that regulated the rights of citizens and the judiciary.

Around 1475 a Styrian army was defeated by the Turks near Rann . In 1479, Rann was occupied by the Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus , who was allied with Salzburg Archbishop Bernhard von Rohr (1466–1481 / 1487) . In 1480 Georg von Schaunberg was able to take camps, booty and prisoners from the Turks near Rann and drive them out of the country. In 1490, after the death of Matthias Corvinus, King Maximilian I succeeded in snatching the Hungarian Rann (and the other Salzburg possessions in Styria). While Maximilian returned most of the goods to the archbishopric after lengthy negotiations, he kept Rann (and Pettau) in Habsburg possession.

In 1496/1515, Rann was the scene of revolts by tens of thousands of windy farmers who demanded their old rights ( stara pravda ). The Styrian governor Siegmund von Dietrichstein was able to recapture Rann. In 1573 Rann was taken again by rebellious peasants ("peasant king" Matija Gubec and "peasant emperor" Elia Gregorič), but again appalled by the regular troops.

In the 16th century, Rann, as a Styrian border town, repeatedly suffered from attacks by the Turks. In 1660 a Franciscan monastery was founded in Rann . In 1694 Ignaz Maria Graf Attems bought the Rann / Brežice estate.

Until the 20th century, Rann was a German-speaking city with a Slovenian region. In the 1900 census, 723 of the 1164 inhabitants gave German and 391 Slovene as the colloquial language.

Rann belonged to the Duchy of Styria in Austria-Hungary until 1918 and was then added to the new Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Kingdom of Yugoslavia ) with Lower Styria . During the Second World War, Rann was from 1941 to May 8, 1945 in the special administrative unit of the Lower Styria CdZ , which was later to be incorporated into the German Reich. Then it came back to Yugoslavia.

Mostec mass grave

In autumn 2010, a mass grave from the period shortly after the Second World War was found in a former anti-tank ditch near the village of Mostec (Brückel am Gurk) near Brežice . The chairman of the Slovenian government commission for post-war mass graves, Jože Dežman , suspects about 2000 to 3000 dead, including German soldiers and ethnic German members of the 7th SS mountain volunteer division "Prinz Eugen" , but possibly also ethnic Germans from the region who were killed here by partisans between May and October 1945 after their capture . Marko Štrovs , head of the Slovenian authority for mass graves, even spoke of possibly 10,000 skeletons after two weeks of explorations. The Brežice mass grave is thus the largest in Slovenia. He suspects mostly Croatian refugees among the victims. From the dentures found it is concluded that many elderly people were among them. Local residents report that Brežice citizens were also killed.

2015 refugee crisis

The emergency quarters for the refugees in October 2015

In the course of the refugee crisis in Europe in 2015 , the border town of Brežice came into the focus of the supraregional public because of the Harmica border crossing and the refugee camp set up there at short notice. Human rights violations were also reported.

Personalities

Sons and daughters:

People related to the city / municipality:

  • Ludwig von Kosiack (15th century), noble castle and field captain, was captured by the Ottomans in 1475 in a battle near Rann (Brežice)

Places within the entire community

  • Arnovo Selo (German Arnoldsdorf , also Arnsdorf )
  • Artiče (German Artitsch )
  • Bizeljska Vas (German Wisell )
  • Bizeljsko Blatno (German Kothdorf )
  • Bojsno Boršt (German Forest )
  • Bračna Vas (German Brattersdorf , also viola village )
  • Brezje pri Bojsnem (Eng. Pirk )
  • Brezje pri Veliki (German pirch )
  • Dolini Brezovica na Bizeljskem (German Nieder Birkdorf )
  • Brvi (German Wervi )
  • Bukošek (dt. Buchenort )
  • Bukovje (German book village in the Wisell )
  • Bušeča Vas (German Puschendorf , also washing village )
  • Čatež ob Savi ( Eng . Tschattesch bei Wierstein , also Teufelsdorf )
  • Čedem (German Burgenbüchel , also Gramsdorf )
  • Cerina (German Drachenhof )
  • Cerklje ob Krki (German Zirklach , also Birkenfeld )
  • Cirnik (German Zirnig )
  • Črešnjice pri Cerkljah (Eng. Churches )
  • Cundrovec (German Zundersberg )
  • Curnovec (German Zornsberg )
  • Dečno (German Vedesendorf )
  • Selo Vas (dt. ' )
  • Dobeno (dt. Duben )
  • Dobova (German Dobau )
  • Dolenja Pirošica (German Nieder-Piroschitz )
  • Dolenja Vas pri Artičah (German Niederdorf , also Wulfingsdorf )
  • Dolenje Skopice (German Nieder-Skopitz )
  • Dramlja (German Dreml )
  • Drenovec pri Bukovju (German Drenowitz )
  • Dvorce (dt. Höflein )
  • Gabrje pri Dobovi (German Gaber , also Gabersdorf )
  • Gaj (Eng. Gai )
  • Gazice (German Gassendorf , also Gassitz )
  • Globočice (German Tiefenbach )
  • Globoko (German Martz , also Martzgeschiess)
  • Glogov Brod (dt. ' )
  • Gorenja Pirošica (German Ober-Piroschitz )
  • Gorenje Skopice (German Upper Skopitz )
  • Gornji Lenart (German Ober St. Leonhard )
  • Gregovce (German Gregorsdorf )
  • Hrastje pri Cerkljah (Eng. Chrasst , also Chratze )
  • Izvir (German Isvier )
  • Jereslavec (German Jereslawetz )
  • Jesenice (Eng. Jessenitz )
  • Kamence (German: Kamentsche )
  • Kapele (German chapels near Rann , also Wogrinsdorf , Sankt Georgen )
  • Koritno (German Goritten )
  • Kraška Vas (German Kraxendorf , also Kraschkendorf )
  • Križe (German cross )
  • Krška Vas (German Munkendorf , also Wertlein )
  • Laze (Eng. Laase )
  • Loče (German Ried , also Lotsch bei Rann )
  • Mala Dolina (German Kleinthal )
  • Mali Cirnik (German Klein-Zirnig )
  • Mali Obrež (German: Klein Brisach )
  • Mali Vrh (German Kleinberg )
  • Mihalovec (German Michaelsdorf , also Sankt Michael )
  • Mostec (German Brückel am Gurk )
  • Mrzlava Vas (German Kaltendorf , also Merslaudorf )
  • Nova Vas ob Sotli (German Neudorf am Sattelbach , also Neuendorf )
  • Nova Vas pri Mokricah (German Neudorf near Mokritz )
  • Obrežje (German Obrischach , also Obresche )
  • Oklukova Gora (German Oklukenberg )
  • Orešje na Bizeljskem (German Nussdorf in the Wisell )
  • Pavlova Vas (German Paulsdorf )
  • Pečice (German Petschitz )
  • Perišče ( Eng . Perische )
  • Piršenbreg (German Pirschenberg , also Pirsenberg , Graflinden )
  • Pišece (Eng. Pischätz )
  • Podgorje pri Pišecah (German Dreml near Pischätz )
  • Podgračeno (German Gretsching )
  • Podvinje (German Podwein )
  • Ponikve (German Ponikel )
  • Poštena Vas (German Postendorf , also Ehelberg )
  • Prilipe (German mountain lip )
  • Račja Vas (German Ratschendorf )
  • Rajec (German Raitz )
  • Rakovec (German Rakowitz )
  • Ribnica (German fishing ring near Gegenthal )
  • Rigonce (German Ringelsdorf , also Riegelsdorf )
  • Sela pri Dobovi (German village )
  • Silovec (German Silowetz )
  • Slogonsko (dt. Circle village )
  • Slovenska Vas (German Windischdorf )
  • Sobenja Vas (German Sobendorf , also Sobindorf )
  • Spodnja Pohanca (German Unter-Bohanz )
  • Sromlje (German Mannsburg )
  • Stankovo ​​(German Stankau )
  • Stara Vas – Bizeljsko (German Altendorf )
  • Stojanski Vrh (German Feistenberg )
  • Trebež (German Trebesch )
  • Velika Dolina (German Grossthal )
  • Velike Malence (German Maleschenfurt , also Grossmallenz )
  • Veliki Obrež (German Gross Brisach )
  • Vinji Vrh (German vineyard )
  • Vitna Vas (German Wittmannsdorf , also Wittersdorf , Wittendorf )
  • Volčje Vrhje (German Wolfsberg )
  • Vrhovska Vas (German Oberdorf , also Werchovendorf )
  • Zasap (German Sasapp )
  • Žejno ( Engl . Scheina )
  • Zgornja Pohanca (German Ober-Bohanz )
  • Zgornji Obrež (German Upper Brisach )
  • Župeča Vas (German: Siebendorf )
  • Župelevec (German: Kupellewitz )

literature

  • Herwig Ebner : The political and constitutional position of the Traungauer in the former Lower Styria . In: Gerhard Pferschy (Ed.): Becoming of Styria. The time of the Traungau . Festschrift for the 800th return of the elevation to the duchy. Publishing house Styria, Graz u. a. 1980, ISBN 3-222-11281-9 , ( Publications of the Steiermärkisches Landesarchives 10), pp. 277-307.
  • Joseph Wartinger : Brief history of Styria . Ferstl, Grätz 1815

Web links

Commons : Brežice  - collection of images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ KK Central Statistical Commission: Community encyclopedia of the kingdoms and countries represented in the Imperial Council. Volume IV Styria. Vienna 1904, p. 258.
  2. ↑ Mass grave discovered in Slovenia . Report on FAZ-online, November 12, 2010.
  3. ^ Karl-Peter Schwarz: mass grave discovered in Slovenia. A five-foot-thick layer of skeletons. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, November 11, 2010
  4. ^ Thomas Roser: Slovenia. Largest mass grave from World War II. The press, November 9, 2010.
  5. ↑ Janoš Zore: zjutraj niso smeli iti k Masi čez polja. Pri Mostecu potrdili obstoj povojnega grobišča. ( Memento of the original from October 26, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.delo.si archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Delo , October 23, 2010.
  6. ↑ Krsto Lazarevic: "We no longer know what to do" In: welt.de, October 22, 2015, accessed on October 26, 2015
  7. ↑ Alena Jabarine: "Repent!" In: Zeit Online, November 3, 2015, accessed November 4, 2015