Bernhard von Rohr

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Bernhard von Rohr (* 1421 in Kremsmünster , Upper Austria; † March 21, 1487 in Tittmoning ) was Archbishop of Salzburg . His parents were Wilhelm von Rohr and Barbara Kuchler .

Life

youth

The gender of the Lords of pipe had after losing the domination pipe (at Kremsmünster) the family seat of Leon Stein (see Castle Leonstein ) at the Steyr . Bernhard von Rohr was first canon of Sankt Pölten and then became canon and parish priest of Salzburg . He loved the splendor and delights of the well-tended kitchen all his life. He is by contemporaries as wol hofflich, sanfftmietig, arbaitsam described, was there but often very moody and lived not celibate (he was the wollusts eager ). He even set up the Domfrauenkloster, which was closed in 1483 and which he could access from the bishop's seat via a concealed corridor, as an apartment for his concubines.

Bernhard von Rohr as Archbishop

He was elected archbishop on February 25, 1466. In view of the high debts of the prince-archbishopric, the archbishop raised taxes, against which the Salzburgers protested unsuccessfully.

Initially, his policy was very successful domestically and internationally. His reign was overshadowed by the devastating Turkish raids, by plague epidemics, a plague of locusts and large feuds. The Salzburg University Library owes a significant number of splendid manuscripts and incunabula to the special friend of artistically valuable books .

In 1471 he took part in the Regensburg Reichstag, where urgent resolutions were to be made at the time of the constant Turkish threat.

In 1475 he married the Bavarian Duke Georg the Rich in Landshut with Hedwig Jagiellonica , daughter of the Polish King Casimir IV Jagiello .

In the second half of the 1470s he heavily fortified the Hohensalzburg Fortress with modern roundels and curtains for defense against attacks by artillery . The snake that emerged back then still shapes the image of the fortress today. He had the ring wall of the castle raised and built the Nonnbergbasteien in the east, which were initially provided with a crenellated crown. The vigilante group on Mönchsberg was also built at that time, as was the ring wall around the pilgrimage church of St. Leonhard in Lungau .

Disputes with the Abbot of St. Peter in Salzburg, with the Provost Kaspar von Stubenberg, but also with Emperor Friedrich III. and the Pope (because of the dioceses of Gurk and Freising ) and the turmoil in Austria spoiled his government work and led in 1478 to a spontaneous abdication in favor of the imperial partisan and bishop von Gran Johann Beckenschlager .

Bernhard von Rohr soon regretted the hasty resignation and revoked his acceptance. The emperor was angry and increased the pressure on the archbishop. He drove the Prince Archbishop to enter into an alliance with the anti-imperial Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus and in the treaty of 1479 granted the Hungarian king his castles in Carinthia and Styria , which led to long and bloody civil war-like unrest. Bernhard von Rohr finally abdicated as ruling prince on January 14, 1482, but retained the title of Prince Archbishop of Salzburg for life.

His resignation and the appointment of Johann Beckenschlager as archbishop led to new tensions: Bavarian partisans did not want to accept the appointment of Johann Beckenschlager and significantly promoted the election of a counter-archbishop by the Salzburg canons: Christoph Ebran von Wildenberg , a key figure in Salzburg diplomacy. Ebran von Wildenberg was subsequently unable to assert himself as counter-archbishop against the emperor's follower and was excommunicated by the pope.

Bernhard von Rohr took over the diocese of Vienna as administrator in order to partially compensate the agreed amount of compensation , but had to give up this after a few months after Matthias Corvinus had conquered Vienna and now occupied the office with his confidant. Bernhard von Rohr finally retired to Tittmoning Castle , where he died of a stroke on March 21, 1487 ("flux"), neglected.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Walter Brugger, Heinz Dopsch : The Kuchler - an important ministerial family from the 12th to 15th centuries. In: Museumsverein Kuchl (ed.): The Georgenberg. Kuchl 2014, ISBN 978-3-200-03594-2 , pp. 103-122.
  2. ↑ Patrick Layer: Bulwarks of God. The building of castles by the Archbishops of Salzburg. Vienna 2010, for expansion under von Rohr pp. 107–109.
predecessor Office successor
Johann Beckenschlager Administrator of Vienna
1482–1487 		Orbán of Nagylúcse
Burkhard von Weißpriach Archbishop of Salzburg
1466–1482 		Johann Beckenschlager
personal data
SURNAME Rohr, Bernhard von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Archbishop of Salzburg
DATE OF BIRTH 1421
PLACE OF BIRTH Kremsmünster , Upper Austria
DATE OF DEATH March 21, 1487
Place of death Tittmoning