St. Leonhard ob Tamsweg

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Northwest view of the pilgrimage church
Longhouse

St. Leonhard ob Tamsweg is a Roman Catholic pilgrimage church in the market town of Tamsweg in Lungau in the state of Salzburg . The patronage festival is celebrated on November 6th ( Leonharditag ), on which St. Leonhard is remembered. The church stands on the slope of the Schwarzenberg above the market town, from where you can see the east-facing church with the north tower, fortifications and several pilgrimage routes lined with chapels, which lead up the mountain in the form of serpentines. The pilgrimage church is a listed building .

Legend

In 1421 several miracles are said to have occurred near the place where the church stands, which initially led to the construction of a chapel: In the founding legend it is reported that a statue of Leonhard disappeared from the Tamsweg parish church and on the Schwarzenberg, above the town of Tamsweg, reappeared in a juniper bush. She was recovered, brought back and locked in an iron-clad wooden chest. From there the statue 'returned' one night to its place of discovery, where it was found again on a juniper bush between two larches, indicating the “holy place” . This process was repeated several times, whereupon the people responsible at the time decided to leave the statue on the bush and build a chapel. The figure of Leonhard still stands today on the trunk that was then cut off and on which it was found in 1421.

history

Income from the influx of pilgrims that began in 1421 enabled the financing of a larger-scale construction of the church to be tackled, and in 1433 it was inaugurated by Auxiliary Bishop Johann Ebser . The builder was Peter Harperger from Salzburg, who envisaged a basilica-like chapel hall with a complicated ribbed vault (Harperger figuration or Wechselberger figuration ) and a recessed choir with ribbed vaults in a bent row.

St. Leonhard is a branch church of the deanery parish church Tamsweg in the deanery Tamsweg of the archdiocese of Salzburg , a circumstance that was contested by the parish of Mariapfarr . After an agreement between Mariapfarr and Tamsweg, the proceeds of the pilgrimage church were ceded to Mariapfarr for three months a year from 1441.

Provost Burkhard von Weißpriach gave the order to build the largest winged altar in Salzburg at that time, which, completed in 1466, was dedicated to St. Leonhard and St. Mary was consecrated. In 1613 a total of six altars were erected in the church, none of which have survived.

When Ottoman troops invaded Carinthia in July 1478 and subsequently reached the Salzburg monastery area for the first time, fortifications were built that same year that still surround the church today. In these fortifications, the armed forces of the Hungarian King Matthias Corvin installed military quarters, which were only cleared in 1489.

church

Golden Window : Donated by Archbishop Johann II von Reisberg in 1433

In 17 out of 19 windows you can see Gothic stained glass from different parts of Austria. The so-called “Golden Window”, originally in the center of the choir closure, built into the side of the choir since 1912, was donated by Archbishop Johann II von Reisberg around 1433 , and his portrait can be seen in one of the glass panes. Martin Luther's teachings were spread early in Lungau, the first indications date from 1534. Therefore, in 1633 the Capuchin Order, also in St. Leonhard ob Tamsweg, took over pastoral care in Lungau in order to recatholize the population permanently. The Capuchins apparently wanted to comply with an essential demand of the Council of Trent , namely that of an obvious adoration of the Lord in the sacrament. The victorious truth should celebrate such a triumph over lies and heresy that its opponents, in the sight of so great splendor and in such great joy of the whole Church, either fade away exhausted and broken or filled with shame and confused at some point again come to insight . Presumably with this in mind, the interior of the church was subsequently redesigned, and with it a change in musical practice in St. Leonhard: In 1676, the responsible members of the Capuchin Order ensured that the organ was transferred to the west gallery has been. As a result, it lost its prominent position on the triumphal arch, where the north side altar stands today . As early as 1659, the carpenter and sexton Ulrich Seitlinger, who had helped to enlarge the organ in 1626, started building a new high altar. In addition, two altars were erected on the so-called triumphal arch in 1676, the designs of which came from Georg Haim and which were made by Jakob Seitlinger.

Cult item

St. Leonhard, found on the juniper bush in 1421

The cult object is a peasant carving from the first half of the 15th century, it represents St. Leonhard. Indications as to why the statue mounted on a juniper branch is charred on the back could not be found so far.

Pilgrimage

The main motives for pilgrimage were the protection of farm animals, especially domestic horses, and protection against capture. St. Leonhard is also regarded as an emergency helper: helper in rural matters, patron of prisoners, patron of those who have recently given birth, weather patron and protector of belongings. Votives were often forged iron in the form of chains, since St. Leonhard was venerated as a “chain lover”, as a liberator from captivity (→ chain church ), but also wax, wool, flax and other materials.

organ

Dummel organ from 1838

The organ was created by Johann Dummel in 1837/38 . From 2005 to 2007 it was extensively restored by Orgelbau Walter Vonbank. The Kalkant has since been replaced by bellows lift machines with geared motors that open all three bellows alternately.

Disposition

Manual: C-g 3
Principal 8th'
Gamba 8th'
Covered 8th'
flute 4 ′
Dolce 4 ′
Quint 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Octav 2 ′
Mixture IV 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Pedal: C – f 0
Sub-bass 16 ′
Octave bass 8th'
Violon 8th'
Pedal coupler

Remarks

  1. ↑ Spelling of the registers quoted from the porcelain signs on the gaming table (2007)
  2. ↑ Dummel called it the piramid flute (= pyramid flute )
  3. ↑ Contains a series of thirds

Technical specifications

  • Mood :
    • Tuning pitch: a 1 = 446.9 Hz (at 15 ° C)
    • Mood: Neithardt 1729 for a city
  • Wind pressure: 65 mm WS

particularities

Since Gregor Lederwasch I became sacristan of the pilgrimage church in 1665 , this office has been held by descendants of the Lederwasch family without interruption . After the death of Heliodor Theobaldus Lederwasch (1828-1897), his daughter Krescentia, married Resch, took over the sacristan service. Her daughter-in-law Marianne Resch has been doing this job since around 1950 (as of 2012)

literature

  • Klaus Beitl: The cult of St. Leonhard zu Tamsweg and his charisma . In: 550 Years of St. Leonhard 1433–1983 - Tamsweg , ed. by Georg Neureiter, Tamsweg 1987 (2nd edition), pp. 69-73.
  • St. Peter manuscript archive : P. Anselm Ebner: Wegweiser (Volume 14). The Lungau or the Decanat Tamsweg, 1st part, Salzburg 1898 (not covered with foil).
  • Heinz Dopsch : Salzburg in the 15th century . In: History of Salzburg . City and Country, ed. by Heinz Dopsch, Salzburg 1983 (2nd improved edition), Vol. I, 1st part.
  • Gustav Gugitz : Austria's places of grace in cult and custom . A topographical handbook on religious folklore in five volumes, Volume 5, Vienna 1958.
  • Valentin Hatheyer: The 500th anniversary of the St. Leonhard ob Tamsweg church . In: Festschrift 1433–1933 . 500 years of the pilgrimage church of St. Leonhard ob Tamsweg, 15. – 16. – 17. September, Tamsweg 1933, pp. 2-41.
  • Valentin Hatheyer: The Protestant movement in Lungau and the Capuchin monastery in Tamsweg . In: Annual report of the fe Gymnasium at the Collegium Borromäum , ed. vom Fe Kollegium Borromäum, 53rd year (1902).
  • Leopold Kretzenbacher: The adoration of St. Leonhard in Europe . In: 550 Years of St. Leonhard 1433–1983 - Tamsweg , ed. by Georg Neureiter, Tamsweg 1987 (2nd edition), pp. 45-68.
  • Austrian art topography 22 : The monuments of the political district Tamsweg in Salzburg (ÖKT 22), Vienna 1929.
  • Elisabeth Oberhaidacher-Herzig: A donor diptych in a window of the pilgrimage church of St. Leonhard ob Tamsweg. In: Architecture and visual arts as reflected in international research. Festschrift for the 80th birthday of Prof. Dr. Edgar Lehmann . Berlin 1989, pp. 210-216.
  • Elisabeth Oberhaidacher-Herzig: The rose branch Madonna of St. Leonhard ob Tamsweg. In: Austrian magazine for art and monument preservation. 44, 1990, pp. 137-140.
  • Beate Rukschcio: The glass paintings of the St. Leonhardskirche ob Tamsweg / Lungau, Salzburg. In: The Minster. 27, 1974, pp. 411-413.
  • Roman Schmeißner: Organ building in Salzburg pilgrimage churches . WiKu-Verlag, Duisburg & Cologne 2015, ISBN 978-3-86553-446-0 .
  • Friederike Zaisberger : The brotherhood book of St. Leonhard ob Tamsweg 1446–1482 . In: Salzburg's pilgrimages in cult and custom , ed. by Johannes Neuhardt, Salzburg 1986, pp. 75-80.

Web links

Commons : St. Leonhard ob Tamsweg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

References and comments

  1. ^ Dieter Assmann: Pilgrimages in the Archdiocese of Salzburg - a folklore overview . In: Salzburg's pilgrimages in cult and custom , ed. by Johannes Neuhardt, Salzburg 1986, p. 23.
  2. ↑ Johannes Neuhardt: The pilgrimage in the life of Christianity . In: Salzburg's pilgrimages in cult and custom , ed. by Johannes Neuhardt, Salzburg 1986, p. 10.
  3. ^ Franz Fuhrmann: Fine arts . In: History of Salzburg . City and Country, ed. by Heinz Dopsch, Salzburg 1983 (2nd improved edition), Vol. I, 2nd and 3rd part, p. 1129 and note p. 1569.
  4. ↑ ÖKT 22 : The monuments of the political district Tamsweg in Salzburg, Vienna 1929, p. 209.
  5. ↑ With a shrine size of 2.97 m × 3.58 m. See Fuhrmann: Bildende Kunst , p. 1132.
  6. ↑ AES : visitation protocol 1613 , fol. 76.
  7. ↑ Anselm Ebner: Guide (Volume 14). The Lungau or the Decanat Tamsweg, 1st part, Salzburg 1898 (not covered with foil).
  8. ↑ Beate Rukschcio: The glass paintings of the St. Leonhardskirche ob Tamsweg . In: 550 Years of St. Leonhard 1433–1983 - Tamsweg , ed. by Georg Neureiter, (2nd edition Tamsweg 1987), p. 87.
  9. ^ Restoration of the St. Leonhard branch church 1909–1913 ; AES: box 9, compartment 56 , fascicle 12.
  10. ^ Johannes Neuhardt: Pilgrimages in the Archdiocese of Salzburg , Munich and Zurich 1982, p. 113.
  11. ↑ Valentin Hatheyer: Festschrift 1433–1933 . 500 years of the pilgrimage church of St. Leonhard ob Tamsweg, Tamsweg 1933, p. 29.
  12. ^ Council of Trent: Decree on the Sacrament of the Eucharist . Quoted from: Heinrich Denzinger: Compendium of Confessions of Faith in Church Doctrinal Decisions , No. 1644, improved ed. by Peter Hünermann, 1991 (37th edition), p. 531. Quoted from: Rupert Klieber : Brotherhoods and Liebesbünde nach Trient . Their service to death, encouragement and status in church and social life using the example of Salzburg (1600–1950), Vienna 1997, p. 82.
  13. ^ Roman Matthias Schmeißner: Studies on organ building in pilgrimage churches of the Archdiocese of Salzburg , dissertation University Mozarteum Salzburg 2012, p. 344.
  14. ↑ Valentin Hatheyer: Festschrift 1433–1933 . 500 years of the pilgrimage church of St. Leonhard ob Tamsweg, Tamsweg 1933, p. 29.
  15. ↑ ibid, p. 9.
  16. ↑ AES: Box 9, compartment 57 , fascicle 7 (part 2), regarding Tamsweg / St. Leonhard (Moosham, January 14, 1676).
  17. ↑ Valentin Hatheyer: Festschrift 1433–1933 . 500 years of the pilgrimage church of St. Leonhard ob Tamsweg, Tamsweg 1933, p. 10.
  18. ↑ Dehio Salzburg , Vienna 1986, p. 430.
  19. ↑ Klaus Beitl: The cult of St. Leonhard zu Tamsweg and his charisma . In: 550 Years of St. Leonhard 1433–1983 - Tamsweg , ed. by Georg Neureiter (2nd edition Tamsweg 1987), p. 71.
  20. ↑ Leopold Kretzenbacher: The adoration of St. Leonhard in Europa In: 550 Years St. Leonhard 1433–1983 - Tamsweg , ed. by Georg Neureiter (2nd edition Tamsweg 1987), pp. 45-68.
  21. ↑ Klaus Beitl: The cult of St. Leonhard zu Tamsweg and his charisma . In: 550 Years of St. Leonhard 1433–1983 - Tamsweg , ed. by Georg Neureiter (2nd edition Tamsweg 1987), p. 72.
  22. ↑ Leopold Kretzenbacher: The adoration of St. Leonhard in Europa In: 550 Years St. Leonhard 1433–1983 - Tamsweg , ed. by Georg Neureiter (2nd edition Tamsweg 1987), p. 67.
  23. ^ Walter Vonbank: Restoration report. Triebendorf 2007, p. 25.
  24. ^ Walter Vonbank: Restoration report. Triebendorf 2007, p. 15.
  25. ^ Marianne Resch - Salzburgwiki. Retrieved February 11, 2020 .

Coordinates: 47 ° 7 '23 "  N , 13 ° 48' 10"  E