Rohr (noble family)

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Family coat of arms of those von Rohr (Brandenburg)

Rohr (also Herren von Ror or de Rore ) is the name of an old noble family originally from Bavaria and later from the Brandenburg region . It is not related to the extinct Silesian family of the Rohr und Stein .

history

Bavaria

Rohr Castle (Rottal) after a copper engraving by Michael Wening from 1721

The family sat at the Palatinate Ranshofen am Inn and is first mentioned in a document with Rafolt around 1033. The main name Rafolt was given by the family for a long time. Another Rafold is mentioned in documents in 1051 and 1079. The tribe series begins with Rafold de Rore , who appears in a document from 1096 to 1102. The Ranshofen monastery was the family burial place of the Rohrers.

The lords of Rohr were initially ministeriales of the empire ( ministeriales regni et ducatus ) with the headquarters in Rohr im Rottal . Later they built a castle in their free rule Rohr in the Kremstal , at that time still part of the Duchy of Bavaria , which they named after their original ancestral seat Rohr. This castle was, since Otto III. von Rohr had murdered the sovereign scribe Witigo of King Ottokar of Bohemia together with Ortolf II von Volkensdorf in the dining room of the St. Florian monastery , razed to the ground in 1256. The new seat was Leonstein Castle . The Ratzlburg near Braunau am Inn , built in the 12th century, should also have belonged to the Rohrers . This castle complex was abandoned in the late 13th century.

The Rohrer also owned a court north of Tittmoning , which Archbishop Rudolf of Salzburg had bought from Duke Heinrich XIII. of Lower Bavaria in 1285 unsuccessfully claimed. This dish was sold to the Duke of Bavaria by the von Rohrs in 1290. 1300 acquired Duke Otto III. Jens dem Rohrer also handled the court taxes that belonged to Ostermiething .

Leonstein Castle and the Leonstein Castle (1674)

Leonstein Castle was probably moved into after the destruction of Rohr Castle in the Krems Valley. The Rohrers are first mentioned here in documents in 1320. The castle was however in the context of a feud with the sovereign Duke Albrecht III. destroyed in 1390 after a three-month siege. In 1397 Wilhelm von Rohr received permission to build a castle stable as a replacement for the destroyed castle and built the predecessor of today 's Leonstein Castle at the foot of the castle hill .

The Rohrers had their own knightly team, their own ministerials, their own judges and officials ( probes ). They owned active loans, granted passive loans and were probably also church leaders. The line of the Rohrer, who developed from Otto III. derives, was in the wake of the Babenberg dukes of Austria. Those who come from his brother Heinrich I get into the ministry of the Bavarian dukes (at the end of the 11th century, Duke Welf V became fiefdom holder of the imperial estate around Ranshofen ; at the beginning of the 12th century it becomes ducal chamber property; the imperial ministries become Ducal ministers).

Heinrich I. von Rohr, dominus and member of the curia of Duke Ludwig , had received the privilege ( gratiam ) from Bishop Gebhard von Passau to build a ship loaded with two talents of salt (one talent corresponds to 240 runners of 75 kg salt each, ie a total of 36 tons of salt), toll-free through Obernberg and Passau; The same was true of ships going upstream that were loaded with the equivalent of the salt. It is not known where the Rohrers got their salt from (deputations or shares in the boiling pans of Reichenhall or Hallein ). The successors of the Bishop of Passau did not want to recognize this privilege later and the Rohrers had to return it for 40 pounds pfennigs. This is related to the fact that Rohrer operated its own ships and landfall facilities in Aufhausen and in the Ettenau near Tittmoning.

As one of the last Bavarian Rohrers, a Rapot of the Rorar is documented in 1466 , although it is not certain whether he still lived at Rohr Castle in the Rottal. Bernhard von Rohr (1421–1487), who was Archbishop of Salzburg from 1466 to 1482 , came from the Leonstein line . In 1447 he sold his ownership share to Leonstein.

Brandenburg

Branches of the family came to the Mark Brandenburg from 1304 , possibly also from 1323, when the Upper Bavarian Duke and now German Emperor Ludwig IV, the Bavarian enfeoffed his son as Ludwig I. with the Mark. The new Brandenburg line took over the coat of arms of the von Havelberg family and gradually acquired control of five castles and three cities as well as the church patronage over the Heiligengrabe monastery . The von Rohrs were among the wealthiest families in the Prignitz in the 15th century . Since 1350 they provided twelve bailiffs (or captains since the 15th century) of the Prignitz and for a long time stood next to the Noble Gans and the von Quitzow at the head of the Prignitz and Ruppin nobility. Otto von Rohr, who came from this line, was Bishop of Havelberg from 1401 to 1427 .

Meyenburg Castle

In the middle of the 14th century (before 1364) Meyenburg came to the Lords of Rohr as a margravial fief. From the remains of a castle outside the city that was probably abandoned at the beginning of the 14th century, they built Meyenburg Castle , which was divided between two lines from the 15th to the 19th century. Otto von Rohr (1810–1892) had the two adjacent medieval houses 1865–1866 combined and significantly expanded by connecting them to form an elongated castle building in the neo-renaissance style. The castle remained in the family's possession until it was expropriated by the land reform in the Soviet occupation zone in 1945.

Old Freyenstein Castle and New Castle , Duncker Collection (19th century)

In 1492 von Rohr took over the town of Freyenstein and its jurisdiction. Towards the end of the 15th century they built a permanent house next to the existing castle complex . In 1556 they had a palace built in the Renaissance style on the site of the former moated castle, today's Old Freyenstein Castle . In the 1560s, Dietrich von Rohr expanded the fortress house into the New Freyenstein Castle . At the end of the Thirty Years War Freyenstein was almost completely depopulated. During this time the von Rohrs got into debt and had to hand over the place to the von Winterfeldt .

Individual branches later also came to the Electorate of Saxony (at Elsterwerda Castle , 1612–1708), the Duchy of Mecklenburg and the Duchy of Braunschweig-Lüneburg .

In 1654 Joachim and Kaspar von Rohr exchanged the Katerbow estate for the electoral share in the Ganzer manor and founded a new, second manor, Ganzer II, next to Gut Ganzer I of the von Jurgas / Jürgass family. The von Möllendorff family was married at the end of the 18th century, but was taken over by the Rohr line from Altkünkendorf (owned by the family from 1788 to 1872) and Wolletz am Wolletzsee in the second half of the 19th century . The last owner of the manor Ganzer II was Elsbeth Hildegard von Rohr.

In 1835 Otto August Alexander von Rohr took over the manor Ganzer I. He was born in 1810 as the son of Otto Christoph Georg Wilhelm von Rohr and Wilhelmine von Wahlen-Jürgass from the Ganzer I family; In 1835 he received permission to combine names and coats of arms with those of Wahlen-Jürgass and now called himself Otto von Rohr called von Wahlen-Jürgass . Gut Ganzer I remained in the possession of Rohr-Wahlen-Jürgass until it was expropriated in 1945.

Also Tramnitz and Trie Place (both at Wusterhausen / Dosse ) belonged to the tube.

Significant members of the family emerged who had great influence in both spiritual and secular offices. Above all in Brandenburg and the later Kingdom of Prussia , they also reached high military positions. Julius Bernhard von Rohr (1688–1742), Canon of Merseburg , was an important contemporary writer and cinematographer . Ferdinand von Rohr (1783-1851), Prussian infantry general, was briefly Minister of War in 1848 .

Branches of the family still exist today. A family association founded in Berlin in 1871 holds family days every three years.

coat of arms

Coat of arms of those von Rohr according to Siebmacher's coat of arms book from 1605

The main coat of arms is split from red and silver in the tip cut (the original coat of arms of the family Havelberg after a seal from 1359). On the helmet with red and silver blankets a jumping, natural fox in front of seven alternating silver and red roses with green stems (v. Stavenow)

Known family members

Stem list of pipe

NN

  1. Friedrich (Fridericus de Rora), regni ministerialis , around 1110–1138 / 39, ⚭ Pertha
    1. Richer, 1138 monk in the Ranshofen monastery
    2. Otto I., ministerialis regni , around 1130–1170
      1. Otto II, ministerialis imperialis , around 1170–1220, ⚭ domina Chunegundis
        1. Otto III., 1196–1237, ⚭ Adelheid von Volkensdorf
        2. Otto IV., 1243–1272, 1256 loss of rule ⚭ 1. Mechthild von Trixen († 1259), ⚭ 2. ???
          1. Jans (Johannes), 1277–1304, 1284–1303 owned by the Rohr rule, ⚭ 1. Agnes von Preysing , ⚭ 2. Margarete Streun von Schwarzenau
            1. Heinrich the Rohrer von Aufhausen , 1298–1304
            2. Lords of Rohr in the Mark Brandenburg
          2. Otto V., 1284–1294, ⚭ Margarete von Schlehdorf
            1. Otto, Heinrich, Ludwig, the Rohrer von Leonstein , around 1320, Upper Austrian rulers
        3. Heinrich I, 1190–1235, ⚭ (?) Margareta von Kraiburg, a countess
          1. Heinrich II., 1250, († 1277), ⚭ Allhait
            1. Otto, 1272, († 1290), ⚭ Adelheid
            2. Heinrich III., 1284–1310, ⚭ (before 1295) Margarete von Wald († after 1348),
              1. Ortlieb, († before 1348)
              2. Ulrich, († before 1348)
                1. Agnes, ⚭ Wulfing the Younger of Goldeck (1348)

Own

The Brandenburg possessions included Ragow and Oegeln , Gorna near Guben, and Tramnitz near Wusterhausen / Dosse , Brunn, Ganzer and Trieplatz (1752–1888), Maienburg, Penzlin, Tschernitz, Holzhausen, Rothenmoor. In the Altmark Hohenwulsch with Friedrichshof and Poritz (Stendal district) , Drialatz, Leddin, Steffin. In Western Pomerania from 1881 the Demmin house .

The main seat of the Silesian line was Medzibor , later also Galwitz, Stein, Kunzendorf, Seifersdorf, Dirschwitz, Neudorf, Deutsch-Breyle, Altwasser, Mahlendorf, Mienitz, Woitsdorf, Gohlau, Schönbankwitz and others. a.

See also

literature

  • Genealogical manual of the nobility . Nobility Lexicon. Volume XI, Volume 122 of the complete series, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 2000, ISSN  0435-2408
  • Genealogical manual of the nobility. Volumes A IX, p. 341 ff. And A XVIII, CA Starke-Verlag, Limburg, 1969 and 1985.
  • Helga Reindel-Schedl: The gentlemen von Rohr and their court beyond the Salzach, beyond the “comitie in Tittmaning”. Journal for Bavarian State History, 1980, 43, pp. 329–353.
  • Leopold Freiherr von Zedlitz-Neukirch: New Preussisches Adels-Lexicon - or genealogical and diplomatic news from the princely, counts, baronial and noble houses residing in the Prussian monarchy or related to it . 1837, p. 126-127 ( books.google.com ).
  • Braunschweigische - coat of arms of the pipe. In: Horst Appuhn (Ed.): Johann Siebmacher's Wappenbuch from 1605 (= Die Bibliophilen Taschenbücher. 538). 2nd, improved edition, sheet 181 ( Wikimedia Commons ).

Web links

Commons : family v. Pipe  - collection of images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Max Heuwieser, The Traditions of the Hochstift Passau , Munich, 1930 (p. 88)
  2. ^ Document book of the district of Enns, Vienna 1852. p. 254.
  3. ↑ Walter Aspernig: The power-political changes in Kremsmünster in the 14th century. (PDF; 3.0 MB)
  4. ↑ Christopher Clark : Prussia: Aufstieg und Niedergang 1600–1947 (= Federal Center for Political Education: Series of publications. 632). Federal Agency for Political Education, Bonn, 2007, ISBN 978-3-89331-786-8 ; P. 59.
  5. ↑ Master list based on H. Reindl-Schedl, 1980, p. 352.