Wald Castle on the Alz

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The Schlosswald an der Alz is located in the district Wald an der Alz the community Garching in Altötting Bayern (Obernberg 1).

Wald an der Alz Castle after an etching by Michael Wening from 1721
Wald castle on the Alz today

History of the castle and the forest court

Wald Castle was first mentioned in 1240, although this is controversial. It is possible that the castle was built by Adelprht de Silva (mentioned in 1139, see below) either on his own property or on Salburg land. The forest court is first mentioned in a document from the Raitenhaslach monastery from March 17, 1283, in which the brothers Kuno and Otto von Wald vow to the abbot of Raitenhaslach not to sell the castle and court forest. Since the Raitenhaslach monastery belonged to the Archdiocese of Salzburg as early as 788 according to the Notitia Arnonis , Wald was located in the area of ​​the Archdiocese. From the year 1283 an assistance pact between Duke Friedrich of Austria and Archbishop Friedrich of Salzburg is recorded on a Rotulus , in which the Duke vows to the Archbishop to help him enforce his rights to the forest and the court that belongs to it. Obviously the dukes of Lower Bavaria also claimed this area. Two years later, similar complaints are made by the Archbishop Rudolf against the Lower Bavarian Duke Heinrich XIII. directed. It is assumed that Ortlieb von Wald was the owner of a Salzburg fiefdom , which was treated as a ducal fiefdom. Although it was possible to wrest a fiefdom for Salzburg from Ortlieb in 1303, Salzburg was ultimately unable to assert itself against the ducal claim to power.

The first established ancestor of the Lords of Wald is Adelprht de Silva , who is mentioned in a document from the Salzburg cathedral chapter in 1139 together with his brother Luitpold and his son of the same name. A Luitpold de Walde appears several times in the mid-12th century in the traditions of the St. Peter monastery amid other Salzburg ministries . A Konrad von Wald († between 1167 and 1183) had an estate near Anthering handed over to the cathedral chapter. A Kuno von Wald appears between 1199 and 1231 with his sons Otto and Ortlieb in several documents from St. Peter. Around 1240, legal attacks by the two of them on the Raitenhaslach monastery are reported, presumably because both of them were expanding their rule from their castle. The Lords of Wald should be regarded as ministeriales majores , as they themselves issued fiefs to their followers. It remains unclear from whom the gentlemen von Wald received the judicial rights they were exercising. Despite a judgment by Duke Otto in favor of the monastery, this seems to have had little significance for the Lords of Wald. In 1242 Archbishop Eberhard II ordered the excommunication of the brothers Otto and Ortlieb von Wald , but this did not have to have particularly impressed them. In 1259 and 1260, Duke Heinrich obtained a declaration of waiver by the two of them with regard to assumed county rights, which, however, were also not observed, as a court case chaired by the Elect Philipp von Spanheim in Raitenhaslach shows.

Ortlieb the Elder fought successfully on the Wittelsbach side together with Heinrich von Rohr and the Alram von Uttendorf against troops of Bishop Albert von Regensburg and Bertold von Passau . In 1255 this Ortlieb can be found in Lower Bavarian services. In 1273, Ortlieb in Reichenhall was designated as a victum . In 1275 he accompanied Duke Heinrich XIII. to Straubing and on his campaign to Vienna . Ortlieb died during this enterprise in Linz . Ortlieb the Elder was married to Agnes von Überacker , although this family was alternately in Bavarian and Salzburg services. Also Ortlieb the Younger (1259-1317) appears as ducal partisans and 1288 as his father Viztum. Nevertheless, in 1303 he confessed that he had received the Wald court from the Salzburg church as a fief. Obviously, in addition to the Wald court, he also held that of Mörmoosen and was also chairman of the Plain court . This Ortlieb's daughter was married to Heinrich von Rohr.

According to a document from the Raitenhaslach monastery from December 12, 1317, Ludwig the old Grans appears as the owner of the Wald and Mörmoosen courts, which he had received from King Otto of Hungary , the former Duke of Lower Bavaria. He promised to leave the lower jurisdiction to the Raitenhaslach monastery, but reserved the blood ban . According to a document dated January 8, 1318, the Wald court is pledged to Ludwig the young Grans . The Grans can be seen as the forerunners of the later keepers at the Feste Wald. The Wald court was pledged again and again: in 1378 it was in the hands of the brothers Werner and Heinrich Seyboldsdofer , further pledges are known from 1390, 1402 and 1403. A box also belonged to the forest , to which the taxes in kind of the subjects had to be delivered; this was located in Burghausen and formed the basis for the court there.

After the Landshut War of Succession , Duke Friedrich was awarded the Wald court on July 30, 1505 to secure his claims from the war costs. Shortly after the turn of the 16th century, Wald came to the family of Laitter (also known as von der Leiter or della Scala ). The reason for the loan was probably the outstanding debts for military services rendered by Johann the Elder and Johann the Younger delle Scala in the War of Succession. The two brothers had the forest managed by carers because they held other offices in Bavaria. With Johann Dietrich von der Leiter , this family died out on October 25, 1598 and Wald fell back to the Wittelsbach family.

In 1602 the era of the Counts of Wartenberg began here , who came from a morganatic lineage of Duke Ferdinand , who had married Maria von Pettenbeck, who was considered inappropriate. On January 2, 1602, Duke Ferdinand received the castle and the forest from his nephew Duke Maximilian , and in 1606 the maleficent jurisdiction was added. After the death of Duke Ferdinand († 1608) these rights were transferred to the Counts of Wartenberg, the fiefdom letter for the five children dates from February 16, 1609 and was renewed on March 10, 1655 by Elector Ferdinand Maria . After the death of the last Count of Wartenberg, Max Emanuel (1718–1736) had suffocated on a peach stone in the Ettal Knights' Academy , Wald is incorporated into the Bavarian administration and managed by administrators. For a long time this was Johann Baptist Fugger , Count of Kirchenberg and Weissenhorn.

The Waldschaftsgericht Wald was dissolved in 1778 and added to the Neuötting court , in 1802 this judicial district was subordinated to the General Land Directorate and in 1803 all files were transferred to the Burghausen Regional Court.

The castle and the electoral brewery with real estate were acquired by the brewery owner Rechl from Neuötting in 1806 at an auction. He had the dilapidated stables of the castle demolished and used the material in 1836 to build a sheet metal factory and partly to add a north wing to the old castle chapel. His daughter Anna married the Munich brewer Mathias Pschorr senior (1800–1879).

Wald an der Alz Castle then and now

Wald Castle is a hilltop castle on a spur , separated from the Alzhochufer in the southeast by a wide ditch. On the etching by Michael Wening from 1721, two mighty towers flanking the castle can be seen. The church next to it and the entrance via a moat still exist.

Wald Castle today consists of two baroque wing structures that were expanded on a medieval basis in the 19th and 20th centuries. A corner tower has been preserved as part of the former fortification, a gate with a small gate fence and the stump of a corner tower, all of which are still medieval in their core, have been added. A bridge over the former neck ditch leads to the castle. Castle owner Mathias Pschorr had the following slogan posted above the entrance arch to the castle: The rustling of the water, the singing of the birds and the silence of the forest make this place pleasant for me. (attributed to: Ernst Benno, Graf zu Wartenberg)

Next to the castle is the former castle chapel of St. Erasmus , which has served as a Catholic parish church since 1909. The foundations of the church date from 1479. In 1680 or 1681 the keep collapsed and the chapel was damaged and restored; its baroque expansion was carried out in 1680/1681. Two complementary fresco cycles are worth mentioning, one from 1762 ( Franz Joseph Soll ) and the other 1930 (Peter Keilhacker, Taufkirchen / Vils). The church consists of a groin-vaulted nave (end of the 17th century) with three yokes and barrel-vaulted stitch caps from 1837; both are single-aisle. The northern extension dates from 1837. The north-western corner tower and the rear building were demolished around 1806.

The gallows column from the former high court is still preserved. The castle is privately owned and cannot be visited to the public; the adjacent castle chapel is open to the general public.

literature

  • Fritz Demmel: History and stories from the municipality of Garching an der Alz , Altötting 1999
  • Claudia Schwaab: Altötting. The district court of Neuötting, the city court of Burghausen and the courts of Wald and Leonberg-Marktl. (= Historical Atlas of Bavaria, part of Old Bavaria. Issue 63). Verlag Michael Lassleben, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-7696-6853-7 , pp. 372-409: The forest court.

Web links

Commons : Schloss Wald an der Alz  - Collection of images

Individual evidence

  1. List of monuments from Wald ad Alz

Coordinates: 48 ° 7 ′ 29 "  N , 12 ° 35 ′ 30.3"  E