Anadara broughtonii
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| ( from Schrenck , 1867) |
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Anadara broughtonii is a shell - type from the family of ark shells (Arcidae) in the order of Arcida . It occurs in the northwest Pacific and introduced in the eastern Mediterranean. It is considered one of the largest species in the genus Anadara Gray, 1847.
features
The equally hinged case has a length of 13.6 cm with a height of 11.4 cm and a thickness of 10.8 cm (up to 15 cm in length). It is clearly unequal, the vertebrae are in the front half of the case. The doral margin is straight and forms an almost rectangular to slightly obtuse angle with the anterior margin. The front edge looks a little trimmed to very flat. The angle of the dorsal margin with the posterior margin is flat-angled. The rear edge then falls straight down to the tightly rounded transition to the ventral edge. The ventral margin is well rounded. The vertebrae are wide and curled in front. They are relatively far apart.
The lock plate has a straight upper edge and a moderately concave lower edge. The lock plate is therefore quite narrow in the middle. The taxodontic lock consists of numerous vertical teeth, which initially become higher towards the outside and slightly diverge towards the outside. The outermost teeth are often angular.
The shell is comparatively thin for its size. It is dirty white with a light brown-yellow to brownish tint, occasionally also dark brown. Inside the shell is whitish with a light yellow-brown tint; pure white between the surface line and the edge of the housing. There are 42 to 43 radial, flattened ribs. The ribs are slightly wider than the spaces and depressions between the ribs. They intersect with growth lines that cause small, only slightly deep notches at the points of intersection with the ribs or, less often, are somewhat grainy at the points of intersection. In the juvenile parts of the housing, the growth lines can only be seen in the spaces between the ribs, in the edge areas also on the ribs. The periostracum is dark brown to blackish brown and flakes off easily. It is mostly only preserved on the edge of the case and the recesses between the ribs. It consists of long, frayed, often rolled back scales.
Ribs and depressions on the outside are also marked on the inside by faint radial elevations and depressions. The inside also shows very fine radial stripes of partly raised and partly deepened lines, with the exception of the attachment points of the sphincter muscles. The stripes ends at the surface line. There are two sphincters of almost the same size.
Geographical distribution and way of life
The range of the species is the northwestern Pacific from the Russian Far East, over Japan, China to about Vietnam and the Philippines (?), And possibly introduced in the eastern Mediterranean.
The depth distribution ranges from about 2 meters to 60 meters water depth. The animals live buried in muddy ground and feed on microorganisms by filtering.
Taxonomy
The taxon was probably first described by Lovell Augustus Reeve in 1844 as Arca inflata . However, this name has been preoccupied twice, by Arca inflata Schroeter, 1802 and Arca inflata Brocchi, 1814. In 1848, Nyst suggested the replacement name Arca reeveana , which is in turn assigned by Arca reeveana d'Orbigny, 1844. This is replaced by the name Arca broughtonii established by Leopold Schrenck in 1867 . The species is now part of the genus Anadara Gray, 1847, as an alternative by some authors to the subgenus Anadara (Scapharca) Gray, 1847. The sub-genus of the genus Anadara is not generally accepted.
Older synonyms are Arca inflata Reeve, 1844 (invalid because the younger homonym of Arca inflata Brocchi, 1814) and Arca reeveana Nyst, 1848 ( alternative name for Arca inflata Reeve, 1844, but invalid because the younger homonym of Arca reeveana d'Orbigny, 1846 ). More recent synonyms are: Arca tenuis Tokunaga, 1906 (non Arca tenuis Montagu, 1808) and Anadara kafanovi Lutaenko, 1993.
commercial use
The species is cultivated in China, Japan and Vietnam. In South Korea the species is grown on a large scale in aqua farms.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Lovell Augustus Reeve: Conchologia iconica, or, Illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals. Vol. 2, Reeve Brothers, London, 1843-1844. Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (Plate 5, Fig. 30).
- ^ Wilhelm Kobelt: The genus Arca L. In illustrations after nature with descriptions. Systematic Conchylia Cabinet by Martini and Chemnitz, 8 (2): 1-238, Nuremberg 1891 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 30/31), plate 10 .
- ^ A b c Markus Huber: Compendium of bivalves. 901 S., Hackenheim, ConchBooks, 2010, ISBN 978-3-939767-28-2 , here p. 137 (right illustration, 3rd row from above), p. 569.
- ↑ Alper Doğan, Mesut Önen, Bilal Öztürk, Banu Bıtlıs: Two Rare Deep-Sea Bivalve Species from the Levantine Coast of Turkey: Bathyarca philippiana (Nyst, 1848) and Verticordia granulata Seguenza G., 1860. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 33: 225-230, 2009 doi : 10.3906 / zoo-0806-14 PDF
- ^ Leopold I. Schrenck: Travel and research in the Amur country in the years 1854-1856. Mollusks of Amur Land and the North Sea of Japan. Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg, 2, 259–976, 1867 Online at Google Books , pp. 578-80, plate 24, fig. 1-3.
- ↑ MolluscaBase: Anadara broughtonii (Schrenck, 1867)
- ↑ Ramasamy Santhanam: Biology and Ecology of Edible Marine Bivalve Molluscs. Apple Academic Press, Waretown, New Jersey 2018 ISBN 978-1-77188-626-0 Preview at Google Books , p. 173.