Subdiocese
Under Subdiözie is understood in botany transitional forms of monoecism and dioecious , we also speak of polygamous sex distribution ( polygamy , Vielehigkeit ). In the same plant species, in addition to the flowers of the dominant sex, hermaphrodite flowers or flowers of the opposite sex also occur. There are the following types:
- Polygamy: Plant populations with female, male and hermaphrodite flowers on the same or different plants.
- Diociopolygamy: unisexual and hermaphrodite plants in a species.
- Andromonomy : Male and hermaphrodite flowers can be found on an individual. B. in the sycamore maple and the cucumber variety lemon .
- Androdioce : In a population there are individuals with purely male and those with hermaphrodite flowers (example: Weißer Germer ).
- Gynomonomy : Feminine and hermaphrodite flowers can be found on an individual.
- Gynodioce : In a population there are individuals with purely female and those with hermaphrodite flowers (example: sand thyme ).
- Trimonözie or Coenomonözie: Male, female and hermaphrodite flowers on an individual (example: common horse chestnut ).
- Trioce : Individuals with purely female, purely male and those with hermaphrodite flowers appear in a population (example: ash ). The species are called Triozisch or dreehäusig .
- Pleogamy , diversity: plants in which the sexes are distributed in various combinations on the flowers and the individual plants, and even on areas and clans. Ripening and thus pollination at different times of flowers of a plant.
- Pleomorphic individuals: several types of individuals that differ in their flowers.
- Polyocy ;: When the individual individuals differ by sex; Diocyte , triocyte , gynodioce , androdioce
- Heteromesogamy : The occurrence of flowers, which differ in the type of pollination, in different specimens of the same species. Individuals of the same species have different pollination systems.
- Heterostyly : The individuals differ externally in the location of their sexual organs.
- Hetero dichogamy : Individuals differ in time in the order in which their sexual organs develop.
- Agamonözie: hermaphroditic and sexless flowers on a plant; Common snowball ( Viburnum opulus ) This can also be further distinguished.
- Polygamous dioecious : the plants are (functionally) dioecious with hermaphrodite flowers.
- Polygamous monoecious : The plants are (functionally) monoecious with hermaphrodite flowers.
- Paradiözie : The plants, inflorescences are monoecious or unisexual with changing proportions of male and female flowers (alternating sex) z. B. at different times of the year or under different conditions (some arum plants ).
- Cosexual plants : Hermaphrodite or monoecious plants.
- Functionally monoecious: structurally hermaphroditic flowers with either staminodes or pistillodies, on the same plant.
- Functionally dioecious: structurally hermaphroditic flowers with either staminodes or pistillodies, on different plants. For example, Andromonözische plants with hermaphrodite flowers that are functionally feminine.
- False polygamous (falsley polygamous): (with male flowers and apparently bisexual, but functionally female flowers; and / or functionally male flowers).
There are still other forms that can be distinguished, sub-twittering ; Plants with mostly hermaphrodite flowers but few other female and male, subandrodioecean ; Plants with mostly male flowers and others, and subgynocial ; Plants with mostly female flowers. Also subdiocesan ; with some plants of a species that produce flowers other than female and male and are sub-monocial ; with plants that do not only develop female or male flowers is possible.
In plants with more than one type of flower, different inflorescences can appear, heterosexual or homosexual.
In the case of inflorescences with two or more types of flowers, a distinction is made between various other shapes with regard to the arrangement and position of the flowers in the inflorescence.
literature
- Peter Schütt, Hans J. Schuck, Bernd Stimm: Lexicon of tree and shrub species . Nikol, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-933203-53-8 . (Earlier edition under the title Lexikon der Forstbotanik ).
- Gerhard Wagenitz : Dictionary of botany. Morphology, anatomy, taxonomy, evolution. 2nd, expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-937872-94-0 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Edward M. Barrows: Animal Behavior Desk Reference. Third Edition, CRC Press, 2011, ISBN 978-1-4398-3651-4 , p. 218.
- ^ Paul Knuth : Handbook of flower biology. 1. Volume, Engelmann, 1898, p. 35, archive.org .
- ↑ Karl Linsbauer (Ed.): Short dictionary of botany. 2nd Edition. Engelmann, 1917, p. 306, archive.org .
- ↑ A. Engler , K. Prantl : The natural plant families. Part II, 1st department, Engelmann, 1889, p. 180, archive.org .
- ↑ a b c Distribution of Sexes on malvaceae.info, accessed November 9, 2018.
- ↑ a b c d Monica A. Geber, Todd E. Dawson, Lynda F. Delph: Gender and Sexual Dimorphism in Flowering Plants. Springer, 1999, ISBN 978-3-642-08424-9 (reprint), p. 3 ff.