relative

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Plaque on the graves of the deceased without relatives in the Freiburg main cemetery

A relative is a person who has a special legal or social relationship with another person or with a group of people, if one wants to emphasize this special relationship. Mostly people are meant who have a close family or personal relationship to one another. The term is broader than that of the family. It includes in particular the (usually unrelated) spouse or life partner and verschwägerte a people. In addition, the term in the sense of “belonging” can also include people who belong in the living environment of the person concerned. The word for the individual exists in male and female form ( relatives, relatives), but is occasionally also used with animals and neuter: the relatives, a relatives.

Criminal law

According to Section 11 ( Criminal Code ), this includes straight line relatives and by- laws , the spouse , civil partner , fiancé , also within the meaning of the Civil Partnership Act , siblings , spouses or civil partners of the siblings, siblings of the spouses or civil partners, even if the Marriage or the civil partnership that established the relationship no longer exists or if the relationship or sisterhood has expired, foster parents and foster children .

civil right

The group of relatives can be described in a similar way under civil law, even if the term is not defined in the BGB , but is assumed. The German Transplantation Act contains a definition for the term next of kin .

Public law

In public law the term `` relatives '' can be found u. a. in § 16 , para. 5 SGB X , in § 20 , para. 5 Administrative Procedures Act , in § 15 tax code and in KJHG in the § 33 , § 44 SGB VIII .

Procedural law

In the Code of Civil Procedure , the term “relative” can be found in Section 383 ZPO.

Legal consequences

The legal system is linked to the legally narrower concept of the relative rights (e.g. right to refuse to testify , § 52 StPO ) and obligations (e.g. good behavior in the case of gifts , § 530 BGB)

Colloquial language, further meanings

The colloquial use of the term relatives includes not only relatives but also friends and acquaintances. This means that neighbors, association members or functionaries of church communities can be summarized conceptually in a group name. Example in the hospital: "Ms. Müller's relatives visit you on Sunday ...". In technical terms this is called emotional relatives .

In addition, it is used in a wider sense of belonging, for example in connections such as belonging to this or that interest group or belonging to a minority .

Member of an institution

A common use case of this further use is the member of an institution. Thus, members of the university professors, students as well as academic and non-academic staff of a university (see also Group of Applied Sciences ). Historically, these were subject to academic jurisdiction .

The same applies to military personnel : members of the armed forces , or Bundeswehr members is a collection and technical term for the division of the Federal Ministry of Defense personnel working, regardless of their status. These are: soldiers , officers , employees in the public sector and judges (to the troop service courts ).

Importance in nursing

Professional healthcare and nursing support and train caring relatives . In the hospital and nursing home, trained volunteers, such as the green ladies, take on individual functions that relatives would otherwise do if they could visit regularly.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. 4th German Bundestag (Ed.): Draft of a law on the application of direct coercion and the exercise of special powers by soldiers of the Bundeswehr and civil security guards . February 18, 1963, p. 9 ( BT-Drs. 4/1004 ).
Wiktionary: Relatives  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations