Anoxia orientalis
| Anoxia orientalis | ||||||||||||
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Anoxia orientalis |
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| Anoxia orientalis | ||||||||||||
| ( Krynicki , 1832) |
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_male_(14249431193).png)
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| Fig. 1: female | Fig. 2: male |
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| Fig. 3: Front view | Fig. 4: underside |
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Fig. 5: Hair detail, wing cover |
Fig. 6: Pygidium male with tip of the aedeagus |
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Fig. 7: Claw link , with claws and onychium (front leg from inside) |
Fig. 8: Tibia foreleg A: male (from above) B: female (from below) |
Anoxia orientalis is a beetle from the subfamily Melolonthinae , withinthe scarab beetle family (Scarabaeidae). At first glance, the beetle looks like a clumsy cockchafer. It is a Pontic-Eastern Mediterranean species that occurs as far as the Budapest area. The genus Anoxia is represented in Europe with three subgenus, Anoxia orientalis belongs to the subgenus Protanoxia with two other European species.
The genus name Anoxia is derived from the ancient Greek α “a” for negation and ὀξύ “oxý” for “pointed” because, unlike the cockchafer, the males' front rails do not have terminal spines . The species name orientālis ( Latin ) means "occurring in the East (Orient)".
Characteristics of the beetle
The cylindrical body of the beetle reaches a length of 23 - 32 millimeters. The wing covers are chestnut brown, the head brown-black, the pronotum mostly red-brown. The elytra have more or less washed-out white spots and stripes, which are caused by the hair. The abdomen is short and densely hairy on the sides (Figs. 1 and 2), on the chest the hair is long and yellowish on the sides and below (Figs. 1 and 4).
The dark head appears lighter through the hair. He is stretched out. When viewed from above , the mouthparts are covered by the head shield. The small upper lip is deeply bilobed. The upper jaw ends with two teeth , the cutting edge is deeply edged, the grinding surface is folded across. The end member of the jaw probe is elongated, egg-shaped, pointed and indented lengthways outward. The lip button is short, the end member is ovoid and pointed. The roughly rectangular head shield is bent upwards at the front and side edges. The third link of the ten-link antenna is greatly elongated. The antennae in the male end in a five-leaved oblong fan (Fig. 3), which is as long as the third to fifth antennae. In the female, the fan is four-leaved, small and oval. As is often the case with twilight animals, the eyes are large.
The pronotum is roughly and flat punctured in the middle , the puncturing becomes finer on the sides. It is covered with short pale yellow hairs that are closer in the center line. On the side there are two bald shiny spots that can also merge with one another.
The wing covers run approximately parallel on the sides, they are rounded together at the back. They are closely haired with two different types of short bristles (Fig. 6). Close-up, bright white, flaky bristles form uneven spots, between these are less densely narrow, dirty white bristles. The label has thick white hairs on the sides and a relatively bare stripe runs down the middle.
The front legs are only designed as grave legs in females (Fig. 1 and 8b). The front rails are wide and have a spur on the inside and three teeth on the outside. In the male (Figs. 2 and 8a) they are thin with only one tooth on the end of the outside and the spur missing on the inside. The middle and rear rails are reinforced in both sexes with two proximal end spines, the rear rails are long ciliate. The tarsi are all five-part. The strong and strongly curved claws each have a conspicuous hook-shaped tooth at the base; In the middle under the pair of claws an appendix rises, at the end of which two long bristles form a fork (Fig. 7). The pygidium does not end cut out, but broadly rounded (Fig. 6).
larva
The larva is a "grub". The width of the head capsule is 2.6 millimeters in the first larval stage and 4.8 millimeters in the second. In the third and final larval stage, the head capsule is 7.8 millimeters wide, the larva between 35 and 40 millimeters long.
biology
The species is bound to sandy areas. But it occurs both in open areas and in sparse forests. The beetle appears from mid-June. He swarms in the evening and carries out ripening on various deciduous trees . During the day he crawls back into the ground. Only when it is still weakened by mating or for other reasons does it spend the day largely motionless on the food plant. Since forest and agricultural crops ( poplar , walnut and others) are also among the potential food crops, the adults can also be harmful to a limited extent. The eggs are laid one at a time about a week after mating. After they lay their eggs, the beetles disappear.
The larva does not hatch until the following year, the moulting to the following larval stage takes place one year later in summer. The third instar larva overwinters and pupates the following year. The adults appear one to two months later.
The larva eats a wide variety of roots in the ground and is harmful in forest plantings as well as in vineyards, berry crops or orchards. It takes four years to develop; in warmer countries, development can be completed in three years.
distribution
The distribution area of the south-east European species is limited in Europe to Italy , Austria , Hungary , Bulgaria , Serbia , Bosnia-Herzegovina , Montenegro , Croatia , Macedonia , Romania , Greece and Turkey . Outside of Europe, the beetle can still be found in parts of Asia Minor .
literature
- Heinz joy , Karl Wilhelm Harde , Gustav Adolf Lohse (ed.): The beetles of Central Europe . tape 8 . Teredilia Heteromera Lamellicornia . Elsevier, Spektrum, Akademischer Verlag, Munich 1969, ISBN 3-8274-0682-X .
- Klaus Koch : The Beetles of Central Europe Ecology . 1st edition. tape 2 . Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1989, ISBN 3-87263-040-7 .
- Gustav Jäger (Ed.): CG Calwer’s Käferbuch . K. Thienemanns, Stuttgart 1876, 3rd edition
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Anoxia orientalis in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved September 29, 2012
- ↑ Anoxia at Fauna Europaea. Retrieved September 29, 2012
- ↑ Protanoxia (subgenus) in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved September 29, 2012
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (genus)
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (species)
- ↑ a b c Janik G. et al .: Az erdészeti jelentőségű cserebogarak "Kutatással az erdőért" - az Erdészeti Kutatások digitális, ünnepi különszáma az OEE 139. Vándorgyűlése tiszteletére as PDF
- ↑ Klaus Koch : Die Käfer Mitteleuropas Ökologie . 1st edition. tape 2 . Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1989, ISBN 3-87263-040-7 .
