Antioch on the meander
Antioch or Antiochia on the meander ( Greek Ἀντιόχεια τοῦ Μαιάνδρου or πρὸς Μαιάνδρω , Latin Antiochia ad Maeandrum ) was an ancient Carian city on the meander in Asia Minor , which was mainly because of the importance of the stone bridge over the regional meander mentioned by Strabo .
location
The city was at the confluence of the Morsynos river (today Dandalas Su) in the meander, on the southern edge of the meander plain. Today the village of Yenişer is located at this point , which in turn is a few kilometers southeast of Kuyucak in the province of Aydın , Turkey , near the present-day city of Başaran. About 30 km south of it, in the Morsynos valley, was the more important ancient city of Aphrodisias . An archaeological survey conducted by Christopher Ratté in 1994 found only a few remains of the city, including parts of the city wall and a citadel, as well as the stadium.
history
The city was founded by the Seleucid ruler Antiochus I probably on the way of a synoicism , but existed as a settlement before. For some time it was also called Pythopolis . Thanks to its bridge and its location on the important trade route along the meander, the hometown of the sophist Diotrephes gained supraregional importance, especially in Roman times , which is reflected in the multiple depiction of the monumental meander bridge on coins of the city in the 3rd century AD. After Titus Livius moved in 189 BC. The consul Gnaeus Manlius Vulso during his fight against the Galatians through the city, which was expanded into a fortress during the imperial era. In the winter of 113 Emperor Trajan visited Antioch, which was likely to have played a central strategic role, especially under the Emperors Decius , Valerian and Gallienus in connection with the Sassanid incursions. In Christian times, Antioch was the seat of a bishopric, and there is still a titular bishopric today . In connection with the Battle of Antioch on the Meander (1211), the city is described as fortified in the Middle Ages ; when it was abandoned is uncertain.
literature
- George Ewart Bean : Antioch on the Maeander, Turkey . In: Richard Stillwell et al. a. (Ed.): The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ 1976, ISBN 0-691-03542-3 .
- Johann Samuel Publication: Allgemeine Enzyklopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste (Leipzig 1852) pp. 116–117.
- Gustav Hirschfeld : Antiocheia 16 . In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume I, 2, Stuttgart 1894, Col. 2446 f.
- Hans Kaletsch : Antiocheia [6]. In: The New Pauly (DNP). Volume 1, Metzler, Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 3-476-01471-1 , column 765 f.
- Blue Guide, Turkey: The Aegean and Mediterranean Coasts , ISBN 0-393-30489-2 , p. 359.
- Archeological Research at Aphrodisias in Caria, 1994 . In: American Journal of Archeology , Vol. 100, pp. 5-33.
- Richard Talbert (ed.): B arrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World , Princeton University Press, 2000, Map 65, H5 and Map-by-map Directory, p. 997.
- Johannes Nollé: 8. The bridge of Antiocheia on the meander . In: Johannes Nollé, Sencer Şahin (ed.): Gephyra . 9, Contributions to Asia Minor Coin Studies and History 6–9, Munich 2010, pp. 29–47.
- Antiocheia 5. In: William Smith (Ed.): Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography . London 1854 ( online ).
Web links
- Inscriptions of Antioch (English)
Remarks
- ^ Strabo, Geography 13, 4, 15.
- ↑ Pliny , Naturalis historia 5, 108; Stephanos of Byzantium , s. Antiocheia .
- ^ Livy, Ab urbe condita 38, 13.
Coordinates: 37 ° 52 ′ 24.4 " N , 28 ° 34 ′ 27.3" E